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Языковая политика и языковые реформы в государственном и национальном строительстве. Аналитический обзор

Языковая политика и языковые реформы в государственном и национальном строительстве. Аналитический обзор

Abstract

This analytical overview deals with language policy and language reforms (and language in general) as a tool and an object of policy as exemplified by state and national construction in different countries of the world. The problems of contemporary understanding of language policy and attitude towards it are described. The overview offers a division of language strategies on pragmatic, mixed (pragmatic-protectionist), protectionist and nationalist, based on the experience of a number of states. A particular attention is focused on the analysis of growing competition of languages in a modern world (the division of languages on effective and ineffective («home») languages is suggested), the existing mechanisms of regional bilingualism in different countries, and the political games, concerning variant reading of terms «state language» and «official language» on the post-Soviet space. A new consideration of latinization of the Turkish and the Kirghiz languages as examples of politically oriented reforms is proposed

В предлагаемом аналитическом обзоре языковая политика и языковые реформы (и язык в целом) рассматриваются как инструмент политики и один из её объектов на примере государственного и национального строительства в разных странах мира. В обзоре дается описание проблем современного понимания и отношения к языковой политике, предлагается опирающееся на опыт ряда государств деление языковых стратегий на прагматическую, смешанную (прагматическо-протекционистскую), протекционистскую и националистическую. Особое внимание уделено анализу усиливающейся конкуренции языков в современном мире (предлагается деление языков на эффективные и неэффективные («домашние») языки) и опыту существования механизма регионального двуязычия в разных странах, политическим играм вокруг смысловых разночтений терминов «государственный язык» и «официальный язык» на постсоветском пространстве. Предлагается новое рассмотрение латинизации киргизского и турецкого языков в качестве примеров политически ориентированных языковых реформ.

Keywords

ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА, ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ РЕФОРМЫ, ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО, ЯЗЫК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОЛИТИКИ И ОДИН ИЗ ЕЁ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ, ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА КАК ФОРМА ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО ПОРЯДКА, ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ЯЗЫКОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКО-ПРОТЕКЦИОНИСТСКАЯ ЯЗЫКОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ, НАЦИОНАЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЯЗЫКОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ, ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ И НЕЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ ("ДОМАШНИЕ") ЯЗЫКИ, EFFECTIVE AND INEFFECTIVE ("HOME") LANGUAGES, ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЯЗЫК, ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ЯЗЫК, ЯЗЫКОВАЯ ДИСКРИМИНАЦИЯ, РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ ДВУЯЗЫЧИЕ, ЛАТИНИЗАЦИЯ КИРГИЗСКОГО ЯЗЫКА, ЛАТИНИЗАЦИЯ ТУРЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold