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Развитие социального государства в ФРГ в 1960-е середине 1970-х годов

Развитие социального государства в ФРГ в 1960-е середине 1970-х годов

Abstract

В данной статье рассматривается процесс развития социального государства в ФРГ в 1960-е сер. 1970-х гг., в период достижения им пределов своего роста. Понятие «социальное государство» ассоциируется с общественно-политической и социально-экономической системой ряда высокоразвитых государств мира, прежде всего западноевропейских, обеспечивших собственным гражданам высочайший уровень социального благополучия. Одним из его эталонов является Федеративная Республика Германия, где впервые в мировой конституционной практике было закреплено социальное государство как политическое и государственно-правовое установление (ст. 20 и 28 Основного закона). Через призму экономической и политической конъюнктуры исследуется взаимосвязь процесса становления идеологии и практики социального государства в ФРГ в указанный период, анализируются подходы различных общественно-политических сил страны касательно модели социально-государственного строительства. Автор обращает особое внимание на причины, способствовавшие тому, что оформившаяся в основных чертах в период немецкого «экономического чуда» 1950-х гг. развитая система социальной защиты населения в последующие десятилетия все более расширяется и углубляется, становясь тяжким бременем даже для такого мощнейшего хозяйственного организма, как экономика Федеративной Республики. Делаются закономерные выводы о перегруженности ФРГ социальными обязательствами, препятствующей стабильному, поступательному развитию немецкой экономики, что является сегодня серьезнейшей социально-экономической и политической проблемой объединенной Германии.

The article studies the process of social development of the state in the FRG in the 1960s mid 1970-s during the period of achieving the limits of its growth. The concept “social government” is associated with social-political and social-economic system of a number of highly developed states of the world, first of all West-European, that secure the highest level of social wellbeing for their citizens. One of such models is the Federal Republic of Germany where for the first time in the world constitutional practice a social government as a political and state-legal institution has been established (art. 20 and 28 of the General Law). Interrelation between the process of ideology and practice of social government establishment in the FRG in the given period of time has been researched, and approaches of various social-political forces towards the model of social-state development have been analyzed. The author draws particular attention to the reasons that caused the fact that the system of the population social protection generally formalized in the period of German “economic miracle” of the 1950s and more developed in the following decades have been extending and expanding, becoming a heavy burden for such a powerful economic organism as the economy of the Federative Republic. The article presents natural conclusions about overload of the FRG with social commitments which impede stable and progressive development of German economy, and that it is a serious social-economic and political problem of consolidated Germany.

Keywords

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО, СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА, КОНЦЕПЦИЯ "СФОРМИРОВАННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА", "СОГЛАСОВАННОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ", ВНЕПАРЛАМЕНТСКАЯ ОППОЗИЦИЯ, СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ДЕМОКРАТИЯ, CONCEPTION OF "GENERATED SOCIETY", "CONCERTED ACTIONS"

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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