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Особенности формирования урожайности зерна яровой пшеницы в южной лесостепи Омской области

Особенности формирования урожайности зерна яровой пшеницы в южной лесостепи Омской области

Abstract

Минимальная система обработки почвы в агроландшафтах южной лесостепи с учетом почвенных условий и рационального применения средств интенсификации позволяет существенно повысить продуктивность культуры и снизить затраты ресурсов на повышение урожайности зерна яровой пшеницы. Исследования проводились в период 2011-2014 гг. с целью определения продуктивности посевов яровой мягкой пшеницы среднераннеспелого биотипа в длительном стационарном плодосменном севообороте с чередованием культур: соя пшеница рапс пшеница. Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности агротехнологий выращивания яровой пшеницы после рапсового предшественника при различных по интенсивности воздействия системах обработки почвы и применении средств интенсификации. Почва опытного участка лугово-черноземная, среднемощная. Без применения средств интенсификации установлена четкая закономерность снижения урожайности зерна при уменьшении интенсивности воздействия обработки почвы с 1,81 на отвальном варианте до 1,46-1,61 т/га на ресурсосберегающих, или на 19,3-11,0%. При комплексном применении средств интенсификации повышается продуктивность культуры в 1,86 раза (до 3,03 т/га), или 85,6%. К уборке яровой пшеницы наименьшая сохранность растений (57,4%) отмечена на комбинированной обработке почвы с вариантом без применения средств интенсификации, а наибольшая на плоскорезной обработке (68,1-70,2%). При комплексной химизации более оптимальной системой обработки по сохранности растений яровой пшеницы был плоскорезный вариант 68,1%, с превышением над отвальным на 8,3%. В целом применение средств интенсификации повышало сохранность растений пшеницы с 63,4 до 66,8%. На контроле (без средств интенсификации) урожайность зерна яровой пшеницы составляла только 1,63 т/га, при преимуществе отвального варианта обработки почвы. При комплексном применении средств интенсификации и повышении продуктивности культуры до 3,03 т/га урожайность зерна на плоскорезном варианте превысила комбинированный на 0,18 т/га (6,1%).

Minimum tillage in agricultural landscapes of southern forest-steppe, taking into account soil conditions and rational use of intensification resources allowto boost the crop capacity and to reduce the resource spend for increase in grain yield of spring wheat. Studies were conducted in the period of 2011-2014 to determine the productivity of crops of spring soft wheat medium early biotype in a long-term stationary rotation with alternating crop rotation: soybean wheat canola wheat. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness agricultural technologies, cultivation of spring wheat after canola predecessor with different intensity influence of tillage systems and means intensification. The soil of the trial plot is meadow-chernozem. It was found that without the use of intensification means there is a clear pattern to reduce grain yield when reducing the intensity of tillage with 1.81 on atalina option to 1.46 of 1.61 t/ha conservation or 19.3-11.0 per cent. When integrated application means intensification and increasing crop productivity of crops by 1.86 times (to 3.03 t/ha) or 85.6%. Found that harvesting spring wheat smallest preservation of plants (57.4%) was observed in the combined treatment of the soil on the version without the use of means of intensification, and the highest on disinfectant soil (68.1-70.2%). Integrated use of chemicals to a more optimum processing system for the preservation of plants of spring wheat was subsurface cultivator option to 68.1%, with the excess over dumped by 8.3%. In General, the use of means of intensification increase the safety of wheat plants with 63.4 to 66.8%. On the control (without of chemicals) grain yield of spring wheat is only 1.63 t/ha with the advantages depleted of variant tillage. At complex application of chemicals and increasing the productivity of culture to 3.03 t/ha grain yield on subsurface cultivator variant exceeds the combined option by 0.18 t/ha (6.1%).

Keywords

ГЛУБИНА ЗАДЕЛКИ СЕМЯН,SEEDING DEPTH,ОТВАЛЬНАЯ,MOLDBOARD,ПЛОСКОРЕЗНАЯ,КОМБИНИРОВАННАЯ ОБРАБОТКА,СРЕДСТВА ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ,ПОЛЕВАЯ ВСХОЖЕСТЬ,FIELD GERMINATION,СОХРАННОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ,PLANT SAFETY,УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЗЕРНА,GRAIN YIELD,FLATLY CARVED,MIXED CULTIVATION,PRODUCTS OF CHEMICALIZATION

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze