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Ответственные исследования и инновации, социальная оценка техники и устойчивое развитие

Ответственные исследования и инновации, социальная оценка техники и устойчивое развитие

Abstract

Дан философско-методологический и историко-научный анализ концепта «ответственные исследования и инновации» (ОИИ), под которым понимается расширенная программа «социальной оценки техники» (СОТ), дополненная прикладной этикой и технонаукой. В статье также ставится проблема интеграции основных идей СОТ/ОИИ в современную инженерную практику в рамках реализации программы «Техническое образование для устойчивого развития». Кроме того, анализируется понятие «инновации» в инженерно-технической, научно-академической, социально-политической среде и подвергается критике современная парадигма инновационного развития, не учитывающая должным образом гуманитарную составляющую. В качестве примера рассматривается новая программа инженерного творчества в американской социологии науки и истории техники «программа мейнтейнеров» (противостоит программе инженеров-инноваторов). Мейнтейнеры делают ставку не на производство «подрывных технологий», а на сохранение (техобслуживание) материальных технических объектов. Для преодоления раскола двух разновекторных инженерных культур (мейнтейнеры vs инноваторы) в российское гуманитарное пространство вводится новое понятие «устойчивые инновации» в рамках концепта ОИИ.

This article is devoted to the historical-scientific and philosophical-methodological analysis of the concept “Responsible Research and Innovation” (RRI) which may be defined as an extension to Technology Assessment (TA) complemented by applied ethics and technoscience. The paper also raises a problem of integrating the main TA/RRI ideas into modern engineering practices within “Technical Education for Sustainability” programme. Besides, the term “innovation” in scientific, social and political fields is analyzed and the ground for criticism of the modern innovation development paradigm is provided for not considering properly a social component. As an example, the newest engineering creativity program in American history and sociology of technology and science (maintenance program opposed to innovators program) is considered. Maintainers do not rely on production of “disruptive innovations” but rather focus on maintaining material technical objects. To overcome the gap between these two divergent engineering cultures (maintainers vs innovators) the new concept "sustainable innovations" is introduced into the Russian sociological and philosophical discourse in the context of RRI.

Keywords

ОТВЕТСТВЕННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ИННОВАЦИИ,СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНИКИ,УСТОЙЧИВЫЕ ИННОВАЦИИ,ПОДРЫВНЫЕ ИННОВАЦИИ,МЕЙНТЕЙНЕРЫ,RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION (RRI),TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT (TA),SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION,DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION,MAINTAINERS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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