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Религиозные праздники в позднесредневековой Эфиопии (по материалам хроник)

Религиозные праздники в позднесредневековой Эфиопии (по материалам хроник)

Abstract

Предметом данного исследования являются хроники эфиопских царей и эфиопские церковные праздники (как общехристианские, так и местные, возникшие на эфиопском субстрате), отмеченные в тексте этих хроник. Эфиопские историографы без исключения получали традиционное церковное образование и были сведущи как в книгах Священного Писания, так и в церковной истории и практике богослужения. Во время своего обучения они должны были ежедневно участвовать в церковных службах, а иногда и сами принимали священнический сан. По этой причине основные вехи церковного календаря неизбежно проникали на страницы официальной царской историографии. На основе этого материала нами будет подробно рассмотрено состояние церковных праздников в конце XVIII в. в трудный для Эфиопии период политической раздробленности и представлен обзор церковных празднований и памятных дней в целом. Центробежные тенденции в государстве в совокупности с общим упадком экономики и культуры и голодом пагубно повлияли на религиозные чувства эфиопов. Официальная историография в этот период уходит от своих традиционных канонов. Хроники зачастую посвящают уже не правящему монарху, а влиятельным деятелям, сумевшим взять бразды правления в свои руки под прикрытием номинальной фигуры царя. Для сравнения в рамках рассматриваемого в статье аргумента нами будут использованы данные из хроник предшествующих периодов. В качестве примеров будут даны конкретные даты и описания конкретных действий монархов, придворных, высокопоставленных деятелей и священнослужителей в памятные дни, отмечаемые Эфиопской Церковью.

The present article offers an analysis of occurrences of the religious feasts, attested in texts of the Royal chronicles of Ethiopian kings and rulers, mostly in the second half of the 18th century AD. This was due to the fact that all the scribes (Royal secretaries) were educated in the traditional schools, i.e. Church schools. There they had to participate in Church services and some of them became priests. That is why they were well acquainted with the Hole Scripture and Church practices. The period in question was marked with the considerable political destabilization and decentralization of the Ethiopian state. This considerably influenced religious feelings of the population. The official historiography in the second half of the 18th century is dedicated not to the Monarch but to the influential feudal lords, who managed to concentrate the control over the country in their hands. The main goal of the present research is to verify which religious feasts were celebrated at the Royal court during this difficult epoch and which were ignored. The data extracted from the chronicles of the second half of the 18th century were compared with the previous historiographical material.

Keywords

ЭФИОПСКАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ,РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ,ЭФИОПСКИЕ ЦАРСКИЕ ХРОНИКИ,ЭФИОПСКАЯ ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ,ТРАДИЦИОННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ,ТАКЛА ГИОРГИС I,ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ РАЗДРОБЛЕННОСТЬ,ИСТОРИЯ ЭФИОПИИ,ЭФИОПСКИЕ РУКОПИСИ,ЭФИОПСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА,ETHIOPIAN CHURCH,RELIGIOUS FEASTS,ETHIOPIAN ROYAL CHRONICLES,ETHIOPIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY,TRADITIONAL EDUCATION,TAKLA GIYORGIS I,POLITICAL DECENTRALIZATION,ETHIOPIAN HISTORY,ETHIOPIAN MANUSCRIPTS,ETHIOPIAN LITERATURE

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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