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Усовершенствование методики определения нитрификационной способности почв по методу Кравкова

Усовершенствование методики определения нитрификационной способности почв по методу Кравкова

Abstract

Известно несколько методов и модификаций определения нитрификационной способности почв. Однако существуют определенные проблемы по использованию этих методов в массовых анализах. Недостатком является несовершенство режима аэрации образцов при компостировании. Возможно ухудшение условий для нитрификации из-за ограниченного объема воздуха в колбе. Выполнены теоретические расчеты интенсивности воздухообмена для соблюдения аэробных условий в образце при компостировании. В условиях очень высокой биологической активности почв расход кислорода на окисление органического вещества составляет более 36,5 мг О2/20 г х сут. При определении нитрификационной способности почв по методике Кравкова концентрация кислорода в образце может снизиться за одни сутки более двух раз. Это может привести к нарушению предусмотренного режима компостирования почв. В анаэробных условиях появляются потери азота в результате денитрификации. Выполнено усовершенствование методики определения нитрификационной способности почв. Принципиальная особенность этого метода заключается в компостировании образца в условиях активной аэрации образцов. Разработан опытный образец термостата для выполнения компостирования одновременно 36 образцов. Отличительной его особенностью является наличие компрессора с расходомером и воздухопроводной сети во внутреннем объеме устройства. Проведена пригодность использования предлагаемого метода определения нитрификационной способности в сравнении со стандартным методом. При небольших добавках легкогидролизуемого органического удобрения достоверного различия в результатах анализа не установлено. С увеличением дозы агрохимиката наблюдается существенное снижение значения нитрификационной способности почвы по методу Кравкова в сравнении с предлагаемым способом.

There are several methods and modifications of soil nitrification capacity determination. However, there are certain problems in using those methods for wide-scale tests. The mode of samples aeration during composting is imperfect. The deterioration of nitrification conditions is possible due to the limited air volume in the flask. Theoretical calculations of the intensity of air exchange have been made to meet the aerobic conditions in a sample during composting. At very high biological activity of the soil, oxygen consumption for oxidation of organic matter is more than 36.5 mg O 2 per g per day. When soil nitrification capacity is determined by Kravkov method, the oxygen concentration in the sample may be reduced by more than twice in one day. This may cause a disturbance of the defined regime of soil composting. Under anaerobic conditions nitrogen losses occur as a result of the denitrification. The technique of soil nitrification capacity evaluation has been improved. The principal feature of this method is composting a sample under the conditions of active aeration. A prototype thermostat to compost 36 samples was developed. Its distinctive feature is a compressor with a flow meter and air network in the internal chamber of the device. The suitability of the proposed method of nitrification capacity determination was investigated as compared to the standard method. In case of small additions of readily hydrolyzable organic fertilizer no significant difference in the test results was found. With increasing rates of the agrichemical significant reduction in the values of soil nitrification capacity by Kravkov method is observed as compared to the proposed method.

Keywords

НИТРАТЫ, НИТРИФИКАЦИЯ, НИТРИФИКАЦИОННАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ, ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ МЕТОД, ВЛАЖНОСТЬ, ТЕМПЕРАТУРА, АЭРАЦИЯ, ТЕРМОСТАТ, ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТАЯ ПОЧВА, ПОСЛЕСПИРТОВАЯ ЗЕРНОВАЯ БАРДА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold