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РОЛЬ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ДЕТСКИМ ЧТЕНИЕМ В 80–90-Е ГГ. XIX ВЕКА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТОМСКОЙ ВОСКРЕСНОЙ ЖЕНСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ)

РОЛЬ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЙ ИНИЦИАТИВЫ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ДЕТСКИМ ЧТЕНИЕМ В 80–90-Е ГГ. XIX ВЕКА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТОМСКОЙ ВОСКРЕСНОЙ ЖЕНСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ)

Abstract

Еducation reforms in 1880–1890-th years contributed to the development of educational initiatives in some schools, especially in Sunday schools. Activities of teachers of Tomsk Sunday female school corresponded to the general trends in the development of education for adults. Students of different age-group studed here. Teenage girls prevailed among them. Teachers of Sunday school accumulated practice in management of youthful extracurricular reading. This was the innovation of methodical work of teachers. Firstly, they raised the question of the range of children’s reading in the framework of the adult school. The girls studied by the same books as the adults. Of course, this expanded the range of reading for young readers, has contributed to their development. But this required more methodical work of teachers. Secondly, the teachers of Tomsk Sunday female school thought how to instill love of reading in young female pupils. For this purpose they needed to develop their auditory skills first. So, the special role in methods of teaching assigned for teacher’s reading in the classroom. It was to be prepared, emotional, expressive, dialogical. Finally, the question of development of female pupils’ reading culture involved progressive mastery of their reading skills, at the beginning – emotional, later – esthetic, and then – conceptual and analytical. These conclusions allowed to analyze the teachers reports, the diaries of the school director V. E. Volozhanina.

Реформы в области образования в 1880–1890-е гг. способствовали развитию педагогической инициативы в отдельных учебных заведениях, особенно в воскресных школах. Деятельность педагогов Томской воскресной женской школы соответствовала общим тенденциям в развитии образования для взрослых. Учитывая разновозрастной состав своих учениц и преобладание среди них девочек-подростков, педагоги данной школы нарабатывали практику руководства внешкольным юношеским чтением. В этом заключалось новаторство методической работы учителей. Во-первых, они поставили вопрос о круге детского чтения в рамках взрослой школы. Девочки учились по тем же книгам, что и взрослые. Безусловно, это расширяло круг чтения юных читательниц, способствовало их развитию, но требовало дополнительной методической работы учителей. Во-вторых, педагоги Томской воскресной женской школы думали о том, как привить любовь к чтению юным ученицам. Для этого сначала нужно было развить в них аудиальные способности. Поэтому особая роль в методике обучения отводилась чтению учителя на уроке. Оно измерялось такими показателями, как подготовленность, эмоциональность, выразительность, диалогичность. Наконец, вопрос о развитии читательской культуры в ученицах предполагал постепенное овладение навыками сначала эмоционального чтения, затем – эстетического и далее – понятийного и аналитического. Данные выводы позволяет сделать анализ отчетов учителей, дневников заведующей В. Е. Воложаниной, проводимый в настоящей статье.

Keywords

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЕМ,ДЕТСКОЕ И ЮНОШЕСКОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ,МЕТОДИКИ ЧТЕНИЯ,ТОМСКАЯ ВОСКРЕСНАЯ ЖЕНСКАЯ ШКОЛА,READING MANAGEMENT,CHILDREN AND YOUTH READING,READING TECHNIQUES,TOMSK SUNDAY FEMALE SCHOOL

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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