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Коренные народы Сибири: могут ли они ответить на вызовы XXI века?

Коренные народы Сибири: могут ли они ответить на вызовы XXI века?

Abstract

The article is devoted to the topical issue of development prospects for the peoples of Siberia throughout the vast stretch of Russian territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. It incorporates the ancestral lands of many contemporary indigenous and minority peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. For them, the issues of preservation of ethnic and cultural integrity, identity and traditional ways of land use are very urgent at the moment. Since 2001 the author has been conducting field research in the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Buryatia, Gorny Altai and Khakassia, Irkutsk, Kemerovo and Tomsk oblasts and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. We have employed the functional-systemic approach, the method of participant observation and conducted interviews with representatives of the national intelligentsia and other individuals from Sakha, Buryat, Shor, Altai, Khakas, Tuva, Nenets, Yukagir, Even and Evenki ethnic groups. Having analyzed the research outcomes, we suggest there are three levels of ethno-social consequences of transforming the federal policy on the peoples of Siberia: personal, ethno-political and ethnocultural. We have also singled out 5 models of survival strategies for the peoples of Siberia: neo-traditionalism, shared governance, competitive strategy, displacement of indigenous peoples, and preserving peoples. The author concludes that the majority of the peoples of Siberia do not have enough opportunity to reproduce their collective ethnic identity on their own. Ethnicity of endangered peoples is affected by various influences and destructive factors. The peoples of Siberia can get a chance for preservation only if the international rights of indigenous peoples are introduced and implemented in the Russian legislation.

Статья посвящена актуальной теме перспектив исторической судьбы народов Сибири на территории России от Урала до Тихого океана. Эта территория является местом исконного проживания современных коренных и коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока, для которых в современных условиях с особой остротой стоят вопросы сохранения этнокультурной целостности и идентичности, традиционных видов природопользования. С 2001 по 2014 г. автором проведены полевые исследования на территориях республик Саха (Якутия), Бурятии, Горного Алтая и Хакасии, Иркутской, Кемеровской и Томской областей, Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Применялись функционально-системный подход и методы включенного наблюдения и интервью с представителями национальной интеллигенции и этнофорами саха, бурят, шорцев, алтайцев, хакасов, тувинцев, ненцев, юкагиров, эвенов, эвенков. На основе проведенного исследования предлагается выделить три уровня этносоциальных последствий трансформации политики федерального центра по отношению к народам Сибири: личностный, этнополитический, этнокультурный. Выявлены пять моделей стратегии выживания народов Сибири: неотрадиционализм, соуправление, конкурентная стратегия, вытеснение коренных народов, народосбережение. Заключается, что большинство сибирских народов не имеют достаточных шансов на воспроизводство своей коллективной идентичности как этнической общности собственными силами. Этничность исчезающих народов подвергается всевозможным влияниям и факторам разрушения. Народы Сибири могут получить шанс на сохранение только при условии внедрения и реализации международного права коренных народов в правовом пространстве России.

Keywords

СИБИРЬ, ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК, КОРЕННЫЕ НАРОДЫ, ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ ЦЕННОСТИ, ЭТНОГЕННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ, АРХАИЗАЦИЯ, НЕОТРАДИЦИОНАЛИЗМ, САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЕ, МОДЕЛИ ВЫЖИВАНИЯ, НАРОДОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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