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ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРЦЕПЦИИ

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРЦЕПЦИИ

Abstract

В психолого-педагогическом аспекте межличностное восприятие рассматривалось многими российскими и зарубежными психологами и педагогами. Согласно полученным данным, сформировавшиеся у человека образы других людей, перерабатываясь и обобщаясь, превращаются в информацию, которая регулирует выработку у данного человека определенных форм поведения по отношению к этим людям. Иными словами в процессе межличностного восприятия и понимания человека человеком, формируется определенный набор установок, обобщений, а также эталонов, позволяющий в процессе взаимодействия с другими людьми относить их к определенной категории. Среди социально-перцептивных механизмов, то есть способов, с помощью которых люди понимают, интерпретируют и оценивают других людей, выделяют механизмы эмпатии (понимание другого человека путем эмоционального вчувствования в его переживания), проецирования (неосознанное наделение другого человека собственными мотивами, приписывание ему переживаний и качеств, которые присущи самому оценивающему и которые у оцениваемой личности могут отсутствовать), идентификации (понимание и интерпретация другого человека путем отождествления себя с ним), рефлексии (процесс понимания другого путем размышления за него), стереотипизации (восприятие и оценка другого путем распространения на него характеристик какой-либо социальной группы) и атрибуции. В атрибутивных теориях процесс межличностного познания сводится к стремлению людей построить определенную систему интерпретации поведения друг друга, в частности его причин. Результатом межличностного восприятия, согласно им, является субъективное суждение о причинности поведения другого человека или целая система таких суждений «каузальных атрибуций».

In psychological and pedagogical aspect the problem of interpersonal perception has been seen by many Russian and foreign psychologists and teachers. According to obtained data person’s images of other people, recycled and summed up, transform into information, which regulates the production of person’s certain forms of behaviour. In other words, in the process of interpersonal perception and understanding of human, a certain set of attitudes, generalizations, and standards allows attributing persons to a specific category in the process of interaction with other people. Among socio perceptual mechanisms, that is, the ways in which people understand interpret and appreciate other people, one can distinguish the mechanisms of empathy (understanding another person by emotional entering in his feelings), projection (unconscious vesting another person with person’s own motives), identification (understanding and interpretation of another person by identifying himself with him), reflection (a process of understanding other person by thinking for him), stereotyping (the perception and evaluation of others through the distribution the characteristics of a particular social group) and attribution. In the attributive theories the process of interpersonal knowledge is reduced to the desire of people to build a certain system of interpretation of the behavior of each other, particular its reasons. The result of interpersonal perception, according to them, is a subjective judgment about the causality of the behavior of another person or a whole system. Such judgments are called «causal attribution».

Keywords

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПЕРЦЕПЦИЯ,МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНОЕ ВОСПРИЯТИЕ,МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВОСПРИЯТИЯ,КАУЗАЛЬНАЯ АТРИБУЦИЯ,SOCIAL PERCEPTION,INTERPERSONAL PERCEPTION,THE MECHANISMS OF PERCEPTION,CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold