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Азбука опросов населения о здоровье

Азбука опросов населения о здоровье

Abstract

Статья представляет собой краткий учебник для начинающих исследователей, касающийся опросов населения как метода сбора данных. Она начинается с определения опросов, обозначения их важнейших задач и типов, а также обозначения того, как задачи опросов менялись со временем. Обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки опросов по сравнению с переписями населения и его медицинским обследованием. Также сообщается базовая информация о подходах к построению опросников и тех характеристиках, по которым оценивается их качество. Обсуждаются способы проведения опросов, подходы к определению размеров выборки, а также анализу собранных данных. Статья проиллюстрирована примерами опросов, которые проводились в разных странах и решали различные задачи здравоохранения.

The aim of this paper is to introduce novice researchers to surveys as a method of data collection. It starts with the definition of a survey, its major purposes and types as well as changes in the goals surveys have helped to achieve over time. Advantages and disadvantages of surveys over population censuses and medical examinations are discussed. Approaches to questionnaire construction are introduced along with properties that questionnaires are evaluated for. Modes of administration, sample size issues, and data analysis approaches are also introduced. The primer is illustrated with examples of surveys conducted in different countries with various public health purposes.

Keywords

ОПРОСЫ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ, СБОР ДАННЫХ, РАЗМЕР ВЫБОРКИ, ОДНОМОМЕНТНЫЙ, ЛОНГИТЮДНЫЙ, ОПИСАТЕЛЬНЫЙ, АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ, ОПРОСЫ ЗНАНИЕ-ОТНОШЕНИЕ-ПОВЕДЕНИЕ, ПЕРЕПИСЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ, ВАЛИДНОСТЬ, НАДЕЖНОСТЬ, ЭТИКА, ВОПРОСЫ, СПОСОБЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ОПРОСА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average