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Фотоэлектрические станции: перспективы, достоинства, недостатки и особенности работы

Фотоэлектрические станции: перспективы, достоинства, недостатки и особенности работы

Abstract

Анализ научно-технической литературы показал, перспективным направлением в вопросах энергосбережения и повышения эффективности электроснабжения потребителей отдалённых от внешних сетей в России, является применение солнечных фотоэлектрических станций. Уровень солнечной радиации на территории России изменяется в широких пределах от 810 кВт ч/м2 в год в отдаленных северных районах до 1400 кВт ч/м2 в год в южных районах. Раскрыты основные их достоинства и недостатки солнечных фотоэлектрических станций, а также назначение, основные характеристики, особенности выбора и работы инверторов и аккумуляторных батарей. Приведена обобщённая структурная схема трёх типов солнечных фотоэлектрических станций: автономных; резервных; работающих с сетью. Рассмотрены особенности их работы. Для повышения надёжности работы солнечных электростанций необходимо их конструировать по модульному принципу. Модульное агрегатирование необходимо также применить для автономных инверторов, где в качестве функциональных модульных элементов представить входные и выходные фильтры, силовую электронную схему и систему стабилизации напряжения и защиты. Значительно повысить показатели надёжности автономных инверторов и солнечных фотоэлектрических установок в комплексе можно за счёт применения в их конструкции однофазно-трёхфазных трансформаторов с вращающимся магнитным полем. Рассмотренные в статье достоинства и недостатки, особенности работы солнечных фотоэлектрических станций позволят в перспективе разрабатывать их структурно-схемные решения с улучшенными эксплуатационно-техническими характеристиками

Analysis of scientific literature has shown a promising direction in energy saving and in increasing of efficiency of power supplies remote from external networks in Russia is the application of solar photovoltaic power plants. The level of solar radiation on the territory of Russia varies widely from 810 kWh/m2 per year in remote Northern areas to 1,400 kWh/m2 per year in southern areas. We have revealed their main advantages and disadvantages of solar photovoltaic power plants, as well as the purpose, basic features, features selection and operation of inverters and batteries. We have also given a generalized block diagram of three types of solar photovoltaic power plants: autonomous, standby, network. The peculiarities of their work have been presented. To improve the reliability of operation of solar power plants we need to design them according to the modular principle. Modular aggregation has to be applied for stand-alone inverters, where the input and output filters, power electronic circuit and system voltage regulation and protection represent the functional module elements. It is possible to increase significantly the reliability of autonomous inverters and solar PV systems in the complex, using one-phase and three-phase transformers with rotating magnetic field in their design. The advantages and the disadvantages, the peculiarities of the solar PV plants discussed in the article will allow to develop their structural and circuit designs with improved maintenance characteristics in the future

Keywords

СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СТАНЦИИ,СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ,СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ БАТАРЕИ,ИНВЕРТОРЫ,SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS,SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION,SOLAR PANELS,INVERTERS

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold
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