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«ДАЙТЕ НАМ СЕКРЕТАРЯ, КОТОРЫЙ БЫЛ БЫ С НАРОДОМ»: ДЕСТАЛИНИЗАЦИЯ ПАРТИЙНОЙ ВЛАСТИ В СЕЛЬСКИХ РАЙОНАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ (1953 – начало 1960-х гг.)

«ДАЙТЕ НАМ СЕКРЕТАРЯ, КОТОРЫЙ БЫЛ БЫ С НАРОДОМ»: ДЕСТАЛИНИЗАЦИЯ ПАРТИЙНОЙ ВЛАСТИ В СЕЛЬСКИХ РАЙОНАХ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ (1953 – начало 1960-х гг.)

Abstract

From 1953 to the early 1960s the top leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) tried to de-Stalinize the party power in the rural districts in its effort to raise the efficiency of kolkhoz and sovkhoz system in the agriculture of the USSR. However, as it is seen from the documents of regional and district party committees, the party bureaucracy in Central part of Non-Black Soil Area used all top-down reorganizations in its own interests to gain power. “Emergency” style of management exercised by local authorities which was losing ground among the population was replaced by rigid control from the party management. This control was based on well-developed non-formal relations within the partite-soviet nomenclature as well as on the dense network of primary party organizations encompassing kolkhozes and sovkhozes. The collective farmers’ awareness of this bureaucratic effect of de-Stalinization resulted in their mistrust in local authorities and their move from the countryside to urban areas.

Руководство центральных органов КПСС в 1953 начале 1960-х гг. стремилось использовать десталинизацию партийной власти в сельских районах прежде всего как способ повышения эффективности управления колхозно-совхозной системой в сельском хозяйстве СССР. Однако, как явствует из документов областных и районных комитетов партии, в сельских районах Центрального Нечерноземья партийная бюрократия все реорганизации «сверху» сумела использовать для упрочения собственного положения. Терявшая оправданность в глазах населения работа районной власти в режиме «чрезвычайщины» заменялась жестким контролем со стороны партийных управленцев-специалистов. Основой этого контроля стали развитые неформальные связи внутри партийно-советской номенклатуры и густая сеть первичных партийных организаций, полностью охвативших колхозы и совхозы. Интуитивное осознание колхозным крестьянством этого бюрократического результата десталинизации обусловило постепенный рост недоверия к районной власти и стремление переехать из деревни в город.

Keywords

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЕ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЕ РОССИИ, КОММУНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ПАРТИЯ СОВЕТСКОГО СОЮЗА (КПСС), ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ КОМИТЕТ КПСС, ОБЛАСТНОЙ КОМИТЕТ КПСС, РАЙОННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ КПСС, ПАРТИЙНЫЙ АППАРАТ, ПАРТИЙНАЯ БЮРОКРАТИЯ, ДЕСТАЛИНИЗАЦИЯ, РЕФОРМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ, СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО, ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАСТРОЕНИЯ, Н.С. ХРУЩЕВ, COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION (CPSU), N.S. KHRUSHCHEV

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold