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Западный эзотеризм как сфера религиоведческих исследований

Западный эзотеризм как сфера религиоведческих исследований

Abstract

This article presents a short excursus into the history of research on western esotericism. At the beginning the basic terms esoterica and esotericism are defi ned. Then the history of societies and academic chairs devoted to research on the subject is examined. The source for research on the subject is the Eranos Circle. Later authors such as Frances Yates took up the study which was continued and developed in the volumes authored by Antoine Faivre and Wouter Hanegraaff. Resorting to generalities in describing the various branches of thought on the subject, the author defi nes three main schools: the American School, the Old European School, and finally the New European School. The principle characteristics of the American School is the acknowledgement of the reality of esoteric experience and a tendency to override the border dividing the researcher and the phenomenon researched as well as attempting to popularize the subject in wide sectors of society. The Old European School is characterized by its extremely critical attitude to esotericism, seeing in it little more than a deviation on the path of the development of culture and religion. The New European School, on the other hand, is guided by a post-modern approach to research on this subject, which leads to the constant study of the problem of dialogue and demands a pluralistic attitude in regard to various forms of esotericism. Another characteristic of this school is the intention to include the study of esotericism as an accepted academic discipline. Some basic problems which face the contemporary researcher of this topic are studied by the author separately. The idea of combining the study of esotericism with the study of theology is also touched upon, pointing out the basic contradiction and incompatibility separating the two subjects. Two approaches for Christian researchers are defined — the approach of the tree and the modernistic approach.

В статье предпринят краткий экскурс в историю исследования западного эзотеризма. Вначале дано определение основных понятий (эзотерика, эзотеризм), затем изложена история научных сообществ и кафедр, занимающихся изучением эзотеризма. Истоком исследований является круг Эранос, затем они продолжаются в работах Френсис Йейтс и позже полностью развиваются и раскрываются в книгах Антуана Фэвра и Воутера Ханеграафа. Обобщая основные тенденции, автор условно выделяет три школы: американскую, староевропейскую и новоевропейскую, в рамках которых и развивается изучение эзотерики. Основными характеристиками «американской школы» является признание реальности эзотерического опыта, стремление стереть границу между исследователем и исследуемым явлением и популяризаторство данной сферы в широких кругах общественности. «Староевропейская школа» занимает крайне критическую позицию по отношению к эзотеризму, видя в нем девиацию на пути развития культуры и религии. «Новоевропейская школа», напротив, руководствуется постмодернистским подходом к исследованию, который приводит к пристальному изучению проблемы дискурса и требует плюралистичного отношения к различным сферам эзотеризма. Кроме того, главной целью этой школы является стремление включить эзотеризм в сферу признанных академических исследований. Отдельно в статье проанализированы основные проблемы, стоящие перед современными исследователями эзотеризма. Далее освещена тема связей исследований эзотеризма с теологическим образованием, показана их противоречивость и неоднозначность. Выделено два подхода, применяемых христианскими исследователями, — «подход древа» и «модернистский подход».

Keywords

ЗАПАДНЫЙ ЭЗОТЕРИЗМ, РЕЛИГИОВЕДЕНИЕ, ТЕОЛОГИЯ, АПОЛОГЕТИКА, ВОУТЕР ХАНЕГРААФ, АНТУАН ФЭВР, W. HANEGRAAFF, A. FAIVRE

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold