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Прагматемы в устной повседневной речи: определение понятия и общая типология

Прагматемы в устной повседневной речи: определение понятия и общая типология

Abstract

Настоящая статья посвящена описанию и классификации особых единиц устного дискурса. Эти единицы, восходящие к обычным лексемам, как полнозначным, так и служебным, в ряде своих употреблений в повседневной речи утрачивают (полностью или частично) лексическое и/или грамматическое значение и приобретают прагматическое, переходят из разряда речевых в разряд условно-речевых (коммуникативно-прагматических) функциональных единиц русской речи. С учетом такой их прагматикализации для них вводится термин прагматема. В работе дается обзор некоторых близких к прагматеме понятий, таких как дискурсивное слово, дискурсивная единица, логическая или модальная частица, коннектор, речевой автоматизм, вербальный хезитатив, прагмалексема, и обосновывается необходимость нового термина. Предлагаемая типология прагматем включает более десятка различных разрядов: междометные прагматемы, хезитативные, дискурсивные и ритмообразующие маркеры, маркеры поиска и самокоррекции, маркеры ксенопоказатели, маркеры рефлексивы и маркеры аппроксиматоры, а также ряд др. Весь анализируемый материал рассматривается на фоне других специфических особенностей русской устной речи, обнаруживаемых на лексическом и дискурсивном уровнях анализа. Во всех случаях отмечается полифункциональность выявленных прагматем, дискурсивный анализ проводится на корпусном материале: используются устный подкорпус Национального корпуса русского языка и Звуковой корпус русского языка (модули «Один речевой день» и Сбалансированная аннотированная текстотека).

This article is dedicated to description and classification of specific units of spoken discourse. In some cases of their usage in everyday speech these units, which originate from both full and functional words, lose their lexical and / or grammatical meaning (in whole or in part) and get pragmatic meaning. Therefore such units change their class from the speech units to the relatively-speech (communicative-pragmatical) functional units of the Russian speech. Taking into account such pragmaticalization it is proposed to call these units pragmatemes. The article represents a survey of such items close to the pragmateme as discourse word, discourse unit, logical or modal particle, connector, speech automatism, verbal hesitation unit, pragmalexeme. The necessity for the new term is also explained. Suggested typology of the pragmatemes includes more than a dozen different classes such as interjectional pragmatemes, hesitative, discourse and rhythm forming markers, search and self correction markers, xenomarkers, reflexive markers, markers approximators etc. The material being analysed is considered against a background of other specific features of the Russian speech, which can be elicited at lexical and discourse levels of the analysis. In all the cases multifunctionality of pragmatemes is stated. Discourse analysis is based on corpora material: a Section of Spoken Russian of the Russian National Corpus and the Speech Corpus of Russian Everyday Communication (ORD and SAT modules).

Keywords

УСТНАЯ СПОНТАННАЯ РЕЧЬ,SPONTANEOUS SPEECH,ПОВСЕДНЕВНОЕ ОБЩЕНИЕ,EVERYDAY COMMUNICATION,ПРАГМАТИКАЛИЗАЦИЯ,PRAGMATICALIZATION,ПРАГМАТЕМА,МАРКЕРЫ УСТНОГО ДИСКУРСА,DISCOURSE MARKERS,ЗВУКОВОЙ КОРПУС,PRAGMATIC ITEM,SPEECH CORPUS

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold