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Современные представления о патогенезе перинатального ишемического повреждения клеток нейроваскулярной единицы головного мозга: молекулы-мишени для нейропротекции

Современные представления о патогенезе перинатального ишемического повреждения клеток нейроваскулярной единицы головного мозга: молекулы-мишени для нейропротекции

Abstract

Гипоксически-ишемическое поражение головного мозга новорожденного ребенка остается актуальной медицинской и социальной проблемой. Среди множества патологических процессов у новорожденных перинатальные гипоксически-ишемические поражения сами по себе являются основным патогенетическим звеном последующих кровоизлияний, некротических и атрофических изменений головного мозга. В обзоре представлены современные данные об основных механизмах повреждающего гипоксически-ишемического действия на клетки-компоненты нейроваскулярной единицы (нейроны, астроциты, эндотелиоциты, перициты), а также возникающих при этом нарушениях межклеточных взаимодействий. Патологические изменения, развивающиеся в результате гипоксии-ишемии, описаны с учетом наличия двух фаз повреждения (фаза ишемии и фаза реперфузии) и освещаются индивидуальные изменения каждого компонента нейроваскулярной единицы и их вза-26 имодействие. Рассматриваются основные направления фармакологического воздействия на клеточно-молекулярные и патобиохимические механизмы перинатального гипоксически-ишемического повреждения головного мозга.

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a relevant medical and social problem. Among many pathological processes in the neonatal period perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury is a major cause of further hemorrhage, necrotic and atrophic changes in the brain. This review presents recent data on the basic mechanisms of the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury along the concept of neurovascular unit (neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes) with the focus on alterations in cell-to-cell communication. Pathological changes caused by ischemia-hypoxia are considered within two phases of injury (ischemic phase and reperfusion phase). The review highlights changes in each individual component of the neurovascular unit and their interactions. Molecular targets for pharmacological improvement of intercellular communication within neurovascular unit as a therapeutic strategy in perinatal brain injury are discussed.

Keywords

НЕЙРОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ЕДИНИЦА, МЕЖКЛЕТОЧНЫЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ, ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОЕ ГИПОКСИЧЕСКИ-ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze
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