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Профессиональная стратификация как социальный феномен: теоретические подходы и методы изучения

Профессиональная стратификация как социальный феномен: теоретические подходы и методы изучения

Abstract

В статье представлен анализ научно-теоретических подходов, позволяющих раскрыть особенности профессиональной стратификации, выделенной классиком социологии П.А. Сорокиным наряду с экономической и политической в качестве основных форм социальной стратификации общества. В рамках концептов классово-стратификационного и функционального подходов (в частности, рассматривающего данный социальный феномен с позиции технико-функциональной теории) проанализированы такие научные дефиниции, как «социальный статус», «власть», «профессия», «образование», «интеллект», «квалификация», «профессионализм», «престиж», «стиль жизни», позволяющие раскрыть содержание двух форм профессиональной стратификации: межпрофессиональной и внутрипрофессиональной. Акцентировано внимание на необходимости использования и гендерного подхода в изучении профессиональной стратификации, а также учета социальных и профессиональных характеристик статусных позиций профессиональных групп, рассматриваемых в качестве представителей профессионального сообщества в рамках своей профессии, и индивидов, осуществляющих активную трудовую деятельность. Рассмотрены и систематизированы методы, используемые и апробированные отечественными и зарубежными учеными в своих исследованиях при изучении межпрофессиональной и внутрипрофессиональной стратификации.

The article presents the analysis of the scientific and theoretical approaches that describe the features of professional stratification revealed by the classic of sociology P.A. Sorokin along with the economic and political stratification as the main forms of social stratification of society. Within the concepts of class stratification and functional approaches (in particular, dealing with this social phenomenon from the perspective of technical and functional theory) the author analyzes such scientific definitions as "social status", "power" "profession", "education", "intellect", "qualification", "professionalism", "prestige", "lifestyle" allowing to reveal the contents of the two forms of professional stratification: interprofessional and intraprofessional. The attention is focused on the need to use the gender approach in the study of professional stratification, as well as the integration of social and professional characteristics of the status positions of professional groups, considered as representatives of the professional community, and individuals involved in active employment. The methods used and approved by domestic and foreign academicians in their research of interprofessional and intraprofessional stratification are reviewed and systematized.

Keywords

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ СТРАТИФИКАЦИЯ, МЕЖПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ И ВНУТРИПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ СТРАТИФИКАЦИЯ, ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ГРУППА, СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАТУС, ПРОФЕССИЯ, КВАЛИФИКАЦИЯ, ПРОФЕССИОНАЛИЗМ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze