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Криоконсервация – передовая технология сохранения генетических ресурсов лесных растений (обзор иностранной литературы)

Криоконсервация – передовая технология сохранения генетических ресурсов лесных растений (обзор иностранной литературы)

Abstract

Лесные экосистемы играют решающую роль в сохранении и воспроизводстве генетических ресурсов лесных растений и биоразнообразия в целом. Однако в течение уже многих лет существуют проблемы с поддержанием биоразнообразия в лесных экосистемах из-за различных негативных факторов природного и антропогенного происхождения: чрезмерная эксплуатация лесных ресурсов, различные катастрофические явления (пожары, наводнения, ураганы и т. д.). Эти негативные факторы вызывают изменения в структурах лесных экосистем, что приводит к уменьшению и потере определенных генотипов растений и биоразнообразия. Одной из наиболее перспективных и эффективных технологий сохранения генетических ресурсов растений является криоконсервация. В статье приводятся сведения об особенностях различных методов криоконсервации: сушка, инкапсуляция-сушка, витрификация, инкапсуляция-витрификация и витрификация капель. Данные методы криоконсервации растительного материала играют важную роль в сохранении генетических ресурсов лесных растений, а также в предотвращении заражения растений патогенами, что очень важно для устойчивого лесопользования. Широкий спектр возможных направлений применения криоконсервации позволил добиться значительного прогресса в размножении различных видов лесных растений. Особенно там, где важно сохранить определенные генотипы растений или семена, не выдерживающие сушку, а также семена, трудно прорастающие после длительного хранения. Технология криоконсервации способна значительно упростить задачу сохранения генетических ресурсов лесных растений, что позволит эффективно решать проблемы сокращения биоразнообразия лесов. Однако использование потенциала такой технологии требует инвестиций в исследования и разработки, человеческий капитал, инфраструктуру и потоки знаний. Целью данной статьи является обзор зарубежной литературы по вопросу криоконсервации. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the conservation and reproduction of genetic resources of forest plants and biodiversity in general. However, for many years there have been problems with maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems due to various negative factors of natural and anthropogenic sorigin: overexploitation of forest resources, various catastrophic phenomena (fires, floods, hurricanes, etc.). These negative factors cause changes in the structures of forest ecosystems, which leads to a decrease and loss of certain plant genotypes and biodiversity. Cryopreservation is one of the most promising and effective technologies for the conservation of plant genetic resources. The article provides information about the features of various cryopreservation methods: drying, encapsulation-drying, vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification and vitrification of droplets. These methods of cryopreservation of plant material play an important role in preserving the genetic resources of forest plants, as well as in preventing infection of plants with pathogens, which is very important for sustainable forest management. A wide range of possible applications of cryopreservation has made it possible to achieve significant progress in the reproduction of various types of forest plants. Especially where it is important to preserve certain plant genotypes or seeds that cannot withstand drying, as well as seeds that are difficult to germinate after long-term storage. Cryopreservation technology can significantly simplify the task of preserving the genetic resources of forest plants, which will contribute to an effective solution to the problem of reducing forest biodiversity. However, harnessing the potential of such technology requires investments in research and development, human capital, infrastructure and knowledge flows. The purpose of this article is to review foreign literature on cryopreservation.

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Keywords

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, GENETIC RESOURCES, TECHNOLOGY, BIODIVERSITY, CRYOPRESERVATION, ЛЕСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ, БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ, FOREST PLANTS, КРИОКОНСЕРВАЦИЯ, ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ

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    Impact byBIP!
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    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Italian National Biodiversity Future Center