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Пространственно-временная динамика древесной и кустарниковой растительности в горную тундру Дальнего Таганая (Южный Урал)

Пространственно-временная динамика древесной и кустарниковой растительности в горную тундру Дальнего Таганая (Южный Урал)

Abstract

Изучение процессов и механизмов трансформации растительного покров в экотоне лес – горная тундра является актуальной задачей в условиях современного изменения климата. В горах Южного Урала за последние десятилетия произошли значительные сокращения площадей, занятых сообществами горных тундр, вследствие продвижения верхней границы древесной и кустарниковой растительности выше в горы. На части вершин к настоящему времени горные тундры полностью исчезли. В данной работе была проведена оценка смещения верхней границы распространения древесной и кустарниковой растительности на г. Дальний Таганай на основе изучения ее возрастной структуры и сравнения разновременных ландшафтных фотоснимков, кроме того, были проанализированы ряды инструментальных наблюдений метеостанции «Таганай-гора». Установлено, что за последнее столетие происходила интенсивная экспансия древостоев ели сибирской в горную тундру г. Дальний Таганай. Безлесные пространства активно заселялись не только древесной, но и кустарниковой растительностью. Например, можжевельник сибирский начал появляться на исследованном участке во второй половине ХХ в. Наблюдаемые изменения в растительности происходили на фоне потепления климата в районе исследования, отмечаемого преимущественно в зимнее время года (линейный тренд составил 0,14 °С/10 лет). В связи с наблюдаемыми процессами при условии сохранения устойчивого тренда изменения климатических условий, вероятно, существует угроза исчезновения горных тундр на г. Дальний Таганай уже к середине 50-х годов – второй половине ХХI в. The study of the mechanisms of vegetation cover transformation in the mountain foresttundra ecotone is an important task in the context of modern climate change. Signifi cant reductions in the areas occupied by mountain tundra communities have occurred on the Southern Urals over the past decades due to upward shifts of the limit of tree and shrub vegetation. On some of the peaks, the mountain tundra has completely disappeared by now. In this article we assessed the shifts of the upper limit of tree and shrub vegetation on the summit of Dalniy Taganay based on the study of the age structure and comparison of similar landscape photographs taken at different times. The series of instrumental observations of the Taganay-Gora station were analyzed. It has been established that the intensive expansion of Picea obovata stands into the mountain tundra took place on Dalniy Taganay over the past century. Treeless spaces were actively populated not only by trees, but also by shrubs. For example, Juniperus sibirica began to appear in the study area in the second half of the 20th century. The changes in vegetation occurred against the background of climate warming in the study area, which was observed mainly in the cold period (the linear trend was 0,14 °С/10 years). Probably, there is a threat of extinction of the mountain tundra on Dalniy Taganay in the period from the mid-1950s to the second half of the 21st century, which is due to the observed processes, provided that a stable trend of climate change is maintained.

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Keywords

JUNIPERUS SIBIRICA, MOUNTAIN TUNDRA, UPPER LIMIT OF TREE AND SHRUB VEGETATION, PICEA OBOVATA, ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ КЛИМАТА, CLIMATE CHANGE, ГОРНЫЕ ТУНДРЫ, ВЕРХНЯЯ ГРАНИЦА ДРЕВЕСНОЙ И КУСТАРНИКОВОЙ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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