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COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon

Federica Braga; Gian Marco Scarpa; Vittorio E. Brando; Giorgia Manfè; Luca Zaggia;

COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon

Abstract

The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions.

Highlights • Lockdown measures in Venice restricted the mobility and stopped boat traffic, with a consequent decrease of wake waves. • An unprecedented water transparency in the city canals was determined by the absence of local boat traffic, however turbidity remained at usual levels in wind conditions. • Essential activities like fisheries and port traffic continued through the lockdown period thus revealing the extent of their impact on the lagoon ecosystem.

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Country
Italy
Subjects by Vocabulary

Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Water quality Water transparency Natural (archaeology) Satellite imagery Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Visual interpretation Environmental resource management business.industry business Environmental science Environmental monitoring Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Keywords

Article, Water transparency, Suspended sediments, Sentinel-2, Vessel traffic, Satellite imagery, water transparency; suspended sediments; Sentinel-2; vessel traffic; satellite imagery, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Monitoring, Human Activities, Humans, Italy, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Water Quality

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  • citations
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    103
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    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Substantial
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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download
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
views
OpenAIRE UsageCountsViews provided by UsageCounts
downloads
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103
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EC| HYPERNETS
Project
HYPERNETS
A new hyperspectral radiometer integrated in automated networks of water and land bidirectional reflectance measurements for satellite validation
  • Funder: European Commission (EC)
  • Project Code: 775983
  • Funding stream: H2020 | RIA
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