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covid 19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the venice lagoon

Authors: Braga Federica; Scarpa Gian Marco; Brando Vittorio Ernesto; Manfe Giorgia; Zaggia Luca;

covid 19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the venice lagoon

Abstract

The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions.

Countries
Italy, Colombia
Keywords

Satellite Imagery, Environmental Engineering, Water transparency, Pneumonia, Viral, Article, Betacoronavirus, Síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, Vessel traffic, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Water Quality, water transparency; suspended sediments; Sentinel-2; vessel traffic; satellite imagery, Environmental Chemistry, Humans, Human Activities, Waste Management and Disposal, Pandemics, water transparency, suspended sediments, Sentinel-2, vessel traffic, satellite imagery, Suspended sediments, SARS-CoV-2, Satellite imagery, COVID-19, Pollution, Coronavirus, Italy, Sentinel-2, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Monitoring

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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