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Динамика психофизиологических показателей спортсменов при БОС-тренинге по бета-ритму головного мозга

Authors: Lunina, N.V.; Nopin, S.V.;

Динамика психофизиологических показателей спортсменов при БОС-тренинге по бета-ритму головного мозга

Abstract

Лунина Наталья Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры физической реабилитации, массажа и оздоровительной физической культуры им. И.М. Саркизова-Серазини, Российский университет спорта, Москва, Россия; старший научный сотрудник, Северо- Кавказский федеральный научно-клинический центр ФМБА России, Ессентуки, Россия. Нопин Сергей Викторович, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник центра медико-биологических технологий, Северо-Кавказский федеральный научно-клинический центр ФМБА России, Ессентуки, Россия. Natalya V. Lunina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the I. Sarkizov-Serazini Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Massage and Health-Enhancing Physical Education, Russian University of Sport “GTSOLIFK”, Moscow, Russia; Senior Researcher, North Caucasian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Essentuki, Russia. Sergey V. Nopin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Leading Researcher at the Center for Medical and Biological Technologies, North Caucasian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Essentuki, Russia. Цель: оценка влияния БОС-тренинга по бета-ритму головного мозга на психофизиологические показатели спортсменов. Материалы и методы. Исследование психофизиологических показателей проводили до и после курса БОС-тренинга по бета-ритму головного мозга. Многолетние исследования проводились на базах НИИ «Деятельности в экстремальных условиях» СибГУФК (г. Омск), ОмГУ им. Ф.М. Достоевского (г. Омск), СибАДИ (г. Омск), РГУФКСМиТ (г. Москва), СКФНКЦ ФМБА России (г. Ессентуки), исследованы юноши-спортсмены в возрасте 18–22 года (n = 1020), специализирующиеся в циклических, ациклических и игровых видах спорта в подготовительном периоде тренировочного цикла. Определялись эндогенная хронобиологическая единица времени, реактивная и личностная тревожность, виды памяти (оперативная, на числа, на фигуры), характеристики внимания, оперативное мышление. Результаты. Согласно полученным данным, БОС-тренинг по бета-ритму головного мозга способствовал достоверному улучшению памяти на фигуры, оперативной памяти, оперативного мышления, характеристик внимания: эффективности работоспособности, психической устойчивости и переключаемости. Умеренное увеличение показателей тревожности (реактивной и личностной) указывает на общее напряжение, связанное с системными адаптационными перестройками, сопровождающими переход организма на новый уровень функционирования. Заключение. БОС-тренинг по бета-ритму головного мозга содействовал количественным и качественным изменениям психофизиологических показателей без применения средств инвазивного или фармакологического вмешательства, способствуя повышению эффективности спортсменов, что следует учитывать и использовать в комплексной подготовке и восстановлении спортсменов. Aim. To assess the effect of beta-wave biofeedback training on the psychophysiological parameters of athletes. Materials and methods. Psychophysiological measurements were performed before and after beta-wave biofeedback training. Long-term studies were carried out at the Scientific and Research Institute of Activities in Extreme Conditions (Siberian State University of Physical Education and Sport, Omsk), Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (Omsk), Russian University of Sport (Moscow), and the North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of FMBA of Russia (Essentuki). The study involved young athletes ages 18–22 (n = 1020) of cyclic, acyclic and game sports in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The endogenous chronobiological unit of time, reactive and personal anxiety, types of memory (operational, memory for numbers/images), as well as the characteristics of attention and operational thinking were identified. Results. Beta-wave biofeedback training resulted in a significant improvement in memory for images, operational memory, operational thinking, and the characteristics of attention, including efficiency of attention, stability of attention and attentional set-shifting. A moderate increase in anxiety (both reactive and personal) indicates a general stress associated with systemic adaptation to a new level of functioning. Conclusion. Beta-wave biofeedback training contributed to quantitative and qualitative psychophysiological changes without invasive or pharmacological interventions and resulted in increased athletic performance, which is of importance for both training and recovery in athletes.

Keywords

ритмы головного мозга, athletes, психофизиологические показатели, нейробиоуправление, psychophysiological parameters, neurofeedback, спортсмены, БОС-тренинг, biofeedback training, УДК 612.43, brain rhythms

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green