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Når humor, leg og lyst er på spil : Social interaktion på en multietnisk arbejdsplads
Når humor, leg og lyst er på spil : Social interaktion på en multietnisk arbejdsplads
How can we understand the multi-ethnic workplace as a social meeting place? And what happens if we do not 'frame' in advance the social meeting in the widespread anti-racist frame of understanding? These are the questions that are central to this thesis. Starting from a phenomenological methodology, it is the ambition of the thesis to challenge our usual preconceptions and not pre-define how inter-ethnic relations are to be understood, which is why the thesis - expressed in Goffman's terms - asks: ”What is it that’s going on here?” (Goffman 1974), as a way of finding which framework of understanding should be applied. Based on the part of the lifeworld that unfolds in a multi-ethnic workplace, the thesis examines the social interaction in inter-ethnic collegial relationships as it spontaneously arises and develops in the inter-ethnic collegial relationships in everyday working life. The thesis is based on fieldwork (consisting of participant observation and interviews) at the Food Factory ("Madfabrikken"), a multi-ethnic workplace in the hospitality sector in Denmark. With an auto-ethnographic point of departure, the researcher brings herself into play in the relationships under study, and makes herself an object of observation, reflection and study. In addition to the life at the Food Factory, the thesis is also concerned with the research process, and experiments with different methods of grasping and conveying the life lived in the Food Factory in all its complexity and ambiguity. The thesis explores empirical observations of social interactions, where humour, play and pleasure are on the line. As much as the interplay in the collegial relationships at the Food Factory can be pleasurable and fun, it does, however, bring the risk of danger. It is this duality that is illuminated in this thesis. In the first instance, the humour, play and pleasure are continually on line in the collegial interaction and this contributes to a range of humour-based and sexualized forms of social interaction, where "ethnicity" is defused and enjoyed as an aesthetic and sexualised surface. Secondly, it is true in the sense that humour, play and pleasure risk being on the line or jeopardized, if the rules for the interaction are not mastered or respected. What was previously 'framed' as being pleasurable, sexualized play and teasing at work, or what was set in a humorous frame, is suddenly in danger of being replaced or overtaken by a new 'framing' of the situation as sexual harassment or racism. The thesis does not end up with definitive answers as to how social interaction in a multi-ethnic workplace should be understood and how we can understand it as a social meeting place, but contributes with the knowledge that social interaction in inter-ethnic collegial relationships is vulnerable, ambiguous, fragile, undecidable, manipulable and redefinable. With an object-sensitive eye, the thesis contributes to other, more nuanced narratives about the social meeting of the inter-ethnic relationships - namely the narratives about the life lived and its forms.
- LUNDS UNIVERSITET Sweden
Sociology, Ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, everyday working life, multi-ethnic workplace, collegial relationships, sexuality, humor, ethnic humor, sexual harassment, racism, autoethnography, Goffman, frame analysis.
Sociology, Ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, everyday working life, multi-ethnic workplace, collegial relationships, sexuality, humor, ethnic humor, sexual harassment, racism, autoethnography, Goffman, frame analysis.
4115
KAPITEL 1
INDLEDNING.................................................................................................... 1 Baggrunden ................................................................................................. 5 Den multietniske arbejdsplads som socialt mødested ......................................... 5 Kritisk forskning om interetniske relationer?...................................................... 7 Madfabrikken ............................................................................................ 12 Laesevejledning........................................................................................... 17 Begrebsafklaring ............................................................................................... 17 Afhandlingens disposition ................................................................................ 19
KAPITEL 2
FELTARBEJDET ............................................................................................... 23 Faenomenologi som metodologi ................................................................. 27 Autoetnografi............................................................................................. 32 Deltager i et følsomt felt ............................................................................ 38 Feltarbejdets gang ...................................................................................... 43 Analyse, tekst, stil ...................................................................................... 51 Feltet - det som traeder frem ...................................................................... 59
KAPITEL 3
ANALYSERAMMEN .......................................................................................... 65 Den antiracistiske fortaelling....................................................................... 67 Diskurser, hierarkier, dikotomier og masser af magt ........................................ 68 Kulturskraek ..................................................................................................... 74 Fanget i en antiracistisk diskurs? ...................................................................... 78 Fortaellingen om det levede liv og dets former ............................................ 80 Livsverdenen, det levede liv og masser af liv og stemning................................. 81 Når etniciteten bliver symbolsk........................................................................ 84 Det etniske spil med aestetiserede og seksualiserede overflader ......................... 90
KAPITEL 4
OMGANG MED ETNISKE STEREOTYPER............................................................ 95 Når scenen indtages, og det etniske spil kan begynde.................................. 99 Forløsningen i den legende nuancering af virkeligheden ........................... 104 Er der racistiske diskurser i spil? ............................................................... 108 Den humoristiske ramme ......................................................................... 114 Spillereglerne ........................................................................................... 117 Efterspil: Perkeren fra Ali Baba-land......................................................... 124
KAPITEL 5
NYDELSESFULDT, SEKSUALISERET LEG OG DRILLERI ..................................... 129 Flirtende scorespil .................................................................................... 131 Kønsspillet - det ligestillede seksuelle møde.............................................. 136 En eufori af frydefuld lummerhed ............................................................ 138 Det erotiske kick - det som prikker til mig............................................... 142 Forspil: Respekt for kvinder? .................................................................... 150
- LUNDS UNIVERSITET Sweden
How can we understand the multi-ethnic workplace as a social meeting place? And what happens if we do not 'frame' in advance the social meeting in the widespread anti-racist frame of understanding? These are the questions that are central to this thesis. Starting from a phenomenological methodology, it is the ambition of the thesis to challenge our usual preconceptions and not pre-define how inter-ethnic relations are to be understood, which is why the thesis - expressed in Goffman's terms - asks: ”What is it that’s going on here?” (Goffman 1974), as a way of finding which framework of understanding should be applied. Based on the part of the lifeworld that unfolds in a multi-ethnic workplace, the thesis examines the social interaction in inter-ethnic collegial relationships as it spontaneously arises and develops in the inter-ethnic collegial relationships in everyday working life. The thesis is based on fieldwork (consisting of participant observation and interviews) at the Food Factory ("Madfabrikken"), a multi-ethnic workplace in the hospitality sector in Denmark. With an auto-ethnographic point of departure, the researcher brings herself into play in the relationships under study, and makes herself an object of observation, reflection and study. In addition to the life at the Food Factory, the thesis is also concerned with the research process, and experiments with different methods of grasping and conveying the life lived in the Food Factory in all its complexity and ambiguity. The thesis explores empirical observations of social interactions, where humour, play and pleasure are on the line. As much as the interplay in the collegial relationships at the Food Factory can be pleasurable and fun, it does, however, bring the risk of danger. It is this duality that is illuminated in this thesis. In the first instance, the humour, play and pleasure are continually on line in the collegial interaction and this contributes to a range of humour-based and sexualized forms of social interaction, where "ethnicity" is defused and enjoyed as an aesthetic and sexualised surface. Secondly, it is true in the sense that humour, play and pleasure risk being on the line or jeopardized, if the rules for the interaction are not mastered or respected. What was previously 'framed' as being pleasurable, sexualized play and teasing at work, or what was set in a humorous frame, is suddenly in danger of being replaced or overtaken by a new 'framing' of the situation as sexual harassment or racism. The thesis does not end up with definitive answers as to how social interaction in a multi-ethnic workplace should be understood and how we can understand it as a social meeting place, but contributes with the knowledge that social interaction in inter-ethnic collegial relationships is vulnerable, ambiguous, fragile, undecidable, manipulable and redefinable. With an object-sensitive eye, the thesis contributes to other, more nuanced narratives about the social meeting of the inter-ethnic relationships - namely the narratives about the life lived and its forms.