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Проценка на состојбата со физичката средина во основните училишта во Република Северна Македонија

Authors: Prosheva, Sanja; Kjosevska, Elena; Velikj Stefanovska, Vesna;

Проценка на состојбата со физичката средина во основните училишта во Република Северна Македонија

Abstract

Важно за здравјето на децата кои одат во основно училиште е во рамките на училиштето да имаат чиста вода за пиење, соодветни тоалети, здрава храна достапна за сите и безбедно место за учење и играње. Целта на трудот беше да се направи проценка на состојбата со физичката средина во основните училишта низ целата Република според увидот во моменталната ситуација во училиштата и приоритетите коишто тие ги имаат за унапредување на училишната физичка средина. Материјал и методи: Беше користена богата домашна и странска литература достапна преку научните бази PubMed, Scopus и други. Се пристапи кон спроведување на студија на пресек со која беа опфатени 320 основни училишта во РСМ. Податоците беа собрани преку користење на алатката за брза проценка, а беа статистички обработени со користење на софтверскиот пакет SPSS, верзија 22.0 за Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Анализата на квалитативните серии беше правена преку одредување на коефициент на односи, пропорции и стапки. Квантитативните серии беа анализирани со употреба на мерките на централна тенденција како и со мерките на дисперзија. Резултати: Моменталната состојба беше оценета како најдобра (75,31%) според тврдењето – „Во сите згради од училиштето се одржува пријатна температура, осветлување и проветреност“. Најслабо оценета (36,56%) моментална состојба за тврдењето – „Училишната менза, продавницата и апаратите нудат храна и пијалак кои се здрави, по соодветни цени“. Најприоритетно (83,44%) беше тврдењето – „Училишните објекти се прилагодени на учениците, тие се безбедни, чисти и промовираат хигиена за сите ученици“. Подобри услови во однос на физичката средина се забележуваат кај учениците коишто слушаат настава на македонски јазик или во повеќејазичните паралелки, за разлика од учениците коишто следат настава на албански јазик, како и тоа дека градските училишта во споредба со селските имаат подобри услови за работа. Иако во моментот ситуацијата во Југозападниот регион е меѓу најлошите, сепак училиштата од овој регион најмногу се стремат кон унапредување. Заклучок: Според моменталната состојба се увиде дека недостасуваат училишни мензи, продавници и апарати во близина на училиштата кои би понудиле здрава храна и пијалаци. Највисок приоритет е училишните објекти да бидат приспособени на потребите на учениците, да бидат безбедни, чисти и да промовираат хигиена за сите ученици и училишниот персонал.

It is important for the health of the children who go to primary school to have clean drinking water, appropriate toilets, healthy food available for all and a safe place to learn and play within the school. The aim of this paper was to assess the physical environment of the primary schools across the country, taking into account the current situation of the schools and the priorities they have for improving the school physical environment. Material and methods: Home and foreign literature deposited in PubMed, Scopus and other scientific basses was used. A cross-sectional study covering 320 primary schools in RNM was conducted. The data were collected using the Rapid Assessment Tool, and they were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software package, version 22.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Qualitative analysis was performed by determining coefficients of relationships, proportions, and rates. Quantitative series were analyzed using central tendency measures as well as dispersion measures. Results: The current situation was rated as the best (75.31%) by the statement - "All buildings of the school maintain a pleasant temperature, lighting and ventilation". The lowest rated (36.56%) was the current status statement - "School canteen, store and appliances offer healthy food and drink at reasonable prices." Priority (83.44%) was the statement - "School buildings are tailored to students, they are safe, clean and promote hygiene for all students". We can see that better conditions in terms of physical environment are observed among students who attend classes in Macedonian language or are multiethnical, compared to students who attend classes in Albanian language, as well as that the urban schools compared to village schools have better conditions for work. Although the situation in the Southwest region is among the worst at the moment, the schools in this region are still striving to improve. Conclusion: According to the current situation, there is a lack of school canteens, shops and appliances near the schools that would offer healthy food and drinks. The highest priority is for school facilities to be adapted to students, to be safe, clean and to promote hygiene for all students and school staff.

Keywords

priority, current situation, elementary schools, приоритет, physical environment, основни училишта, Република Северна Македонија, тековна состојба, Republic of North Macedonia, физичка средина

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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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