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Assessment of nutritional status of children in Skopje - comparative analysis for the period 2010-2016

Authors: Gjetaj Jakovski, Marije; Spiroski, Igor; Ristovska, Gordana;

Assessment of nutritional status of children in Skopje - comparative analysis for the period 2010-2016

Abstract

Цел на трудот беше да се направи компаративна анализа на нутритивниот статус на деца на возраст од 6 до 8 години во градот Скопје во 2010 и 2016 година. Материјал и методи: За спроведување на истражувањето во 2010 и 2016 година беше развиен протокол кој беше усогласен со протоколот на COSI истражувањето. Во двата круга на собирање на податоци во 14 основните училишта на територијата на град Скопје беа одбрани деца од второ одделение. Антропометриските испитувања се вршени според стандардите на СЗО за мерење на висина и тежина. Референците за раст на училишни деца на СЗО од 2007 година беа користени за да се пресметаат z-скоровите на стандардни девијации на индексот телесна маса-за-возраст (БМИ/В), како и за интерпретација на антропометриските индикатори. Финалната обработка на податоците и проценката беше направена со примена на WHO AnthroPlus софтверот. Резултати: Вкупниот број вклучени деца во истражувањето во 2010 година беше 324, од кои 174 машки и 150 женски деца. Во истражувањето во 2016 година беа вклучени 365 деца, од кои 183 машки и 182 женски деца. Индексот БМИ/В кај децата мерени во 2010 година покажа кај 0,3% потхранетост кај сите деца. Индексот БМИ/В покажува дека речиси кај една третина од децата постои зголемена ТТ и дебелина, со тоа што во 2010 година процентот на деца со зголемена ТТ и дебелина е повисок (32,4%) во однос на 2016 година (28,8%). Исто така, поголем процент на дебели деца се измерени во 2010 година (14,5%) во споредба со 2016 година (12,6%). Околу 5% од децата се со екстремна дебелина (% > +3СД) и се евидентирани во 2010 година, додека во 2016 година таа состојба е присутна кај 4,7%. Заклучок: Кривата на дистрибуција е поместена надесно во однос на референтните вредности, односно проблемите со исхраната на децата се поместени кон ризиците од зголемена телесна тежина и дебелина. Според тоа, и јавноздравствените акции треба да бидат насочени во тој правец. Потхранетоста, било умерена или тешка, ретко се среќава и не претставува значаен јавноздравствен проблем кај децата на оваа возраст во Македонија.

The aim of the study was to make a comparative analysis of the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 8 in the city of Skopje in 2010 and 2016. Material and Methods: A protocol that was in line with the COSI survey protocol was developed for the implementation of the research in 2010 and 2016. In the two rounds of data collection, second grade children were measured in 14 primary schools on the territory of the city of Skopje. The anthropometric measurements were performed according to the WHO standards for measuring height and weight. WHO Child Growth References were used to calculate the z-scores of standard deviations of the body mass index-for-age, as well as for the interpretation of anthropometric indicators. The final data processing and assessment was made using the WHO AnthroPlus software. Results: The total number of children included in the survey in 2010 was 324, of which 174 male and 150 female. The 2016 survey included 365 children, of which 183 were male and 182 female. The BMI-for-age index in children measured in 2010 showed 0.3% malnutrition among all children. The BMI-for-age index has showen that almost one third of children are overweight or obese, whereas the percentage of overweight or obese children was higher in 2010 (32.4%) compared to 2016 (28.8%). Also, a higher prevalence of obese children was observed in 2010 (14.5%) compared to 2016 (12.6%). About 5% of children with severe obesity (> + 3SD) were observed in 2010, while in 2016 there were 4.7% severely obese children. Conclusion: The distribution curve is shifted to the right compared to the reference values, and children's nutritional problems are associated to the risks related to overweight and obesity. Accordingly, public health actions should be addressing that situation. Undernutrition, both mild or severe is not prevalent and is not considered a significant public health problem for children of this age in Macedonia.

Keywords

дебелина, obesity, nutrition, children, исхрана, public health, прекумерна тежина, јавно здравје, overweight, деца

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    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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