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Рехабилитациски третман на пациенти со уринарна инконтиненција

Authors: Gjerakaroska-Savevska, Cvetanka; Nikolikj-Dimitrova, Erieta; Koevska, Valentina; Mitrevska, Biljana; Gocevska, Marija; Gecevska, Daniela;

Рехабилитациски третман на пациенти со уринарна инконтиненција

Abstract

Уринарна инконтиненција, односно неможност за контролирање на мокрењето опфаќа спектар на пречки од повремено истекување на урината до комплетна неможност за задржување на урината. Почеста е кај повозрасната популација и кај жените. Уринарната инконтиненција во голема мерка влијае врз нарушување на општото здравје и го намалува квалитетот на живот. Таа може да се групира во неколку типови: стрес инконтиненција, ургентна инконтиненција, неврогена инконтиненција, преливна “overflow” инконтиннеција. Стрес инконтиненцијата е најчеста од горенаброените, настанува заради слабост на мускулите на карличното дно. Потребен е индивидуален пристап во проценка на состојбата и во изборот на третманот. Можностите за третман вклучуваат медикаментозна терапија, бихејвиорална терапија, биофидбек, вежби за јакнење на карличното дно, електрична стимулација, магнетна стимулација и хируршки третман. Нехируршките третмани можат да бидат успешен терапевтски пристап со цел да се спречи потребата од хируршки третман. Рехабилитационен третман со примена на вежби и физикални агенси кај пациенти со уринарна инконтиненција е значајни во обновување на континенцијата и подобрување на квалитетот на живот кај овие пациенти.

Urinary incontinence is the inability to control urination with spectrum of disturbances from periodical urinary leaks to complete inability to retain urine. It occurs more often in elderly and in women. Urinary incontinence has a great impact on general health and may reduce the quality of life. There are several types: stress urinary incontinence, urgent urinary incontinence, neurogenic urinary incontinence, overflow urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence is the most frequent one and is due to pelvic floor muscle weakness. For assessment and treatment of these patients the individual approach is warranted. The treatment of these patients includes medications, behavioral therapy, biofeedback, pelvic floor muscle training, electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and surgery. Non-surgical treatment might be effective to prevent surgery. Rehabilitation treatment with pelvic floor exercises and physical modalities for patients with urinary incontinence is important for recovery of the urinary continence and improvement of quality of life in these patients.

Keywords

urinary incontinence, exercise, уринарна инконтиненција, вежби, physical therapy, рехабилитација, rehabilitation, физикална терапија

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