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Rzetelne uzasadnienie wyroku sądowego jako element prawa do sądu

A Reliable Justification of a Court Judgment as an Element of the Right to a Fair Trial

Rzetelne uzasadnienie wyroku sądowego jako element prawa do sądu

Abstract

In the glossed judgment issued in the case of Cupial v. Poland, the ECHR referred to the guidelines that should be met by a carefully prepared justification of the judgment. In cases in which the court decides on the rights and freedoms of an individual, the justification of the decision loses its exclusively formal character. The court sets limits on the exercise of human rights in a specific situation, and, therefore, in fact, determines their content. The court should therefore comprehensively explain all the reasons for the decision, so that it cannot be accused of arbitrarily violating not only the right to a fair trial but also other human rights safeguarded by judicial power. The ECHR found that the allegations made by the applicant before the domestic courts concerned the substance of the criminal case against him. They therefore required a specific and unambiguous assessment, which was not made by the court of first instance. The court of the second instance did this in a fragmentary way, without referring to the main objection regarding the general context of the case. The justification of the judgment is intended not only to answer the question about the legal basis of the decision, but above all to explain why the court made a particular decision. It is intended to be a reflection of the thought and decision-making process culminating in the preparation of the operative part of the judgment.

W glosowanym wyroku wydanym w sprawie Cupiał przeciwko Polsce ETPCz nawiązał do wytycznych, którym powinno odpowiadać rzetelnie sporządzone uzasadnienie wyroku. W sprawach, w których sąd orzeka o prawach i wolnościach jednostki, uzasadnienie rozstrzygnięcia traci wyłącznie formalny charakter. Sąd wyznacza bowiem granice korzystania z przyrodzonych praw człowieka w konkretnym stanie faktycznym, a więc w rzeczywistości określa ich treść. Powinien więc wyczerpująco wyjaśnić wszystkie motywy rozstrzygnięcia, by nie można było uczynić mu zarzutu arbitralnego łamania nie tylko prawa do sądu, ale również innych praw człowieka, na straży których stoi władza sądownicza. Trybunał uznał, że stawiane przez skarżącego przed sądami krajowymi zarzuty dotyczyły istoty prowadzonej przeciwko niemu sprawy karnej. Wymagały zatem konkretnej i jednoznacznej oceny, której nie dokonał sąd pierwszej instancji, a sąd drugiej instancji zrobił to w sposób fragmentaryczny, nie odnosząc się do zasadniczego zarzutu dotyczącego ogólnego kontekstu sprawy. Uzasadnienie wyroku zaś ma nie tylko odpowiedzieć na pytanie o podstawę prawną rozstrzygnięcia, ale przede wszystkim wyjaśnić, dlaczego sąd podjął taką, a nie inną decyzję. Ma stanowić odzwierciedlenie procesu myślowego i decyzyjnego zakończonego sporządzeniem sentencji orzeczenia.

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Keywords

prawa człowieka, prawo do wychowania dzieci zgodnie z przekonaniami rodziców, the right to a fair trial, freedom of religion, rzetelny proces, prawo do sądu, uzasadnienie wyroku, justification of a judgement, human rights, freedom of conscience, wolność religii, the right to guarantee children a religious upbringing in accordance with their parents’ convictions

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Published in a Diamond OA journal
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