
In the mountain and pre-mountain vegetation zone, a significant portion of winter precipitation falls in the form of snow. Snow chionophilic forests are forests that develop in areas with a lot of snowfall. Snow is useful in many ways, but in certain circumstances it can also cause damage to forest trees. The aim of this research was to analyze the number of days with snow and the maximum snow depth (cm) in the area of the mountain and foothill vegetation zone on Velebit, analyze the trend of the number of days with snow and maximum snow depths, and compare the average number of days and maximum snow depths with previous data from the climate description of this area. The research was conducted at three meteorological stations within two vegetation zones in northern and central Velebit. The mountain vegetation zone is in the Dinarides area at altitudes of 800 to 1100 m. Within this vegetation zone are acidophilic fir forests, acidophilic spruce forests, and Dinaric beech-fir forests. The pre-mountain vegetation zone includes forest ecosystems at an altitude of 1100 to 1700 m above sea level. This zone contains pre-mountain beech forests, boreal fir and spruce forest communities and mountain pine. Considering the altitudes, two meteorological stations (Baške Oštarije and Oltari) are located in the mountain vegetation zone. The meteorological station Zavižan is located in the pre-mountain vegetation zone. Data on the number of days with snow and maximum snow heights were taken from the State Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Croatia for the period 1981 - 2021. Descriptive statistics of the data were made for the data on the number of days with snow and maximum snow heights. The trend analysis of the number of days with snow and maximum snow heights was made using the Mann-Kendall trend test. The number of days with snow and maximum snow heights were compared with data from the description of the climate of the vegetation zones for the years 1948-1960 using the Single T test. As the altitude increased, the number of days with snow and the maximum snow depth increased. The average number of days with snow in the mountain vegetation zone at the Baške Oštarije meteorological station was 66 days (≥ 1 cm), 44 days (≥ 10 cm), 22 days (≥ 30 cm) and 6 days (≥ 50 cm). At the Oltari meteorological station, the number of days with snow was 91 days (≥ 1 cm), 63 days (≥ 10 cm), 29 days (≥ 30 cm), 12 days (≥ 50 cm). The average number of days with snow in the pre-mountain vegetation zone was 158 days (≥ 1 cm), 141 days (≥ 10 cm), 113 days (≥ 30 cm) and 90 days (≥ 50 cm). The maximum snow depth in the mountain belt was on average 60.09 cm, or 78.25 cm, while in the pre-mountain belt it was 165.04 cm. For meteorological stations in the mountain vegetation belt, we did not establish a statistically significant trend in the number of days with snow and a trend in maximum snow heights. In the premountain vegetation belt, a statistically significant trend in decreasing the number of days with snow and maximum snow heights was established. According to the results of the single T test, the number of days with snow (> 1 cm) and maximum snow heights (cm) are significantly lower in both vegetation belts compared to the period 1948-1960.
U gorskom i pretplaninskom vegetacijskom pojasu znatan dio zimskih oborina pada u obliku snijega. Hionofilne šume su šume koje se razvijaju u predjelima s mnogo snježnih oborina. Snijeg je u njima po mnogočemu koristan, ali može u određenim okolnostima izazvati i štete na šumskom drveću. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio analizirati broj dana sa snijegom te maksimalne visine snijega (cm) na području gorskog i pretplaninskog vegetacijskog pojasa na Velebitu, analiza trenda broja dana sa snijegom i maksimalnih visina snijega te usporedba srednjeg broja dana i maksimalnih visina snijega sa prijašnjim podacima iz opisa klime ovog područja. Istraživanje je provedeno na tri meteorološke postaje unutar dva vegetacijska pojasa na sjevernom i srednjem Velebitu. Gorski je vegetacijski pojas na području Dinarida na nadmorskim visinama od 800 do 1100 m. Unutar ovog vegetacijskog pojasa nalaze se acidofilne jelove šume, acidofilne smrekove šume i dinarske bukovo-jelove šume. Pretplaninski vegetacijski pojas uključuje šumske ekosustave na nadmorskoj visini od 1100 do 1700 m nad morem. U ovom pojasu nalaze se pretplaninske bukove šume, borealne jelove i smrekove šumske zajednice i klekovima planinskog bora s kozokrvinom. S obzirom na nadmorske visine, dvije meteorološke postaje (Baške Oštarije i Oltari) su smještene u gorskom vegetacijskom pojasu. Meteorološka postaja Zavižan je smještena u pretplaninskom vegetacijskom pojasu. Podaci o broju dana sa snijegom i maksimalne visine snijega su preuzete od Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje 1981 - 2021. Za podatke o broju dana sa snijegom i maksimalnim visina snijega, napravljena je deskriptivna statistika podataka. Analiza trenda broja dana sa snijegom i maksimalnih visina snijega je napravljena Mann-Kendall trend testom. Single T testom su uspoređeni broj dana sa snijegom i maksimalne visine snijega sa podacima iz opisa klime vegetacijskih pojasa 1948-1960. godine. Povećanjem nadmorske visine, povećavao se broj dana sa snijegom i maksimalne visine snijega. Prosječni broj dana sa snijegom u gorskom vegetacijskom pojasu na meteorološkoj postaji Baške Oštarije je iznosio 66 dana (≥ 1 cm), 44 dana (≥ 10 cm), 22 dana (≥ 30 cm) i 6 dana (≥ 50 cm). Na meteorološkoj postaji Oltari broj dana sa snijegom je iznosio 91 dan (≥ 1 cm), 63 dana (≥ 10 cm), 29 dana (≥ 30 cm), 12 dana (≥ 50 cm). Prosječan broj dana sa snijegom u pretplaninskom vegetacijskom pojasu je iznosio 158 dana (≥ 1 cm), 141 dan (≥ 10 cm), 113 dana (≥ 30 cm) i 90 dana (≥ 50 cm). Maksimalna visina snijega u gorskom pojasu je prosječno iznosila 60,09 cm, odnosno 78,25 cm dok je u pretplaninskom pojasu iznosila 165,04 cm. Za meteorološke postaje na području gorskog vegetacijskog pojasa nismo ustanovili statistički značajan trend broja dana sa snijegom i trend maksimalnih visina snijega. Na području pretplaninskog vegetacijskog pojasa je ustanovljen statistički značajan trend smanjivanja broja dana sa snijegom i maksimalnih visina snijega. Prema rezultatima single T testa broj dana sa snijegom (> 1 cm) i maksimalne visine snijega (cm) su značajno manje na području obadva vegetacijska pojasa u odnosu na razdoblje 1948-1960. godine.
hionofilni šumski ekosustavi, pretplaninski i gorski vegetacijski pojas, Snow, pre-mountainous and mountain vegetation zones, Snijeg, hyonophilous forest ecosystems
hionofilni šumski ekosustavi, pretplaninski i gorski vegetacijski pojas, Snow, pre-mountainous and mountain vegetation zones, Snijeg, hyonophilous forest ecosystems
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