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Hungarian Structural Focus: Accessibility to Focused Elements and Their Alternatives in Working Memory and Delayed Recognition Memory
Copyright policy )Hungarian Structural Focus: Accessibility to Focused Elements and Their Alternatives in Working Memory and Delayed Recognition Memory
The present work investigates the memory accessibility of linguistically focused elements and the representation of the alternatives for these elements (i.e., their possible replacements) in Working Memory (WM) and in delayed recognition memory in the case of the Hungarian pre-verbal focus construction (preVf). In two probe recognition experiments we presented preVf and corresponding focusless neutral sentences embedded in five-sentence stories. Stories were followed by the presentation of sentence probes in one of three conditions: (i) the probe was identical to the original sentence in the story, (ii) the focused word (i.e., target) was replaced by a semantically related word and (iii) the target word was replaced by a semantically unrelated but contextually suitable word. In Experiment 1, probes were presented immediately after the stories measuring WM performance, while in Experiment 2, blocks of six stories were presented and sentences were probed with a 2-minute delay measuring delayed recognition memory performance. Results revealed an advantage of the focused element in immediate but not in delayed retrieval. We found no effect of sentence type on the recognition of the two different probe types in WM performance. However, results pertaining to the memory accessibility of focus alternatives in delayed retrieval showed an interference effect resulting in a lower memory performance. We conclude that this effect is indirect evidence for the enhanced activation of focus alternatives. The present work is novel in two respects. First, no study has been conducted on the memory representation of focused elements and their alternatives in the case of the structurally marked Hungarian pre-verbal focus construction. Second, to our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the focus representation accounts for WM and delayed recognition memory using the same stimuli and same measured variables. Since both experiments used exactly the same stimulus set, and they only differed in terms of the timing of recognition probes, the principle of ceteris paribus fully applied with respect to how we addressed our research question regarding the two different memory systems.
- Pennsylvania State University United States
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary
- University of Pennsylvania United States
- Pennsylvania State University
- Budapest University of Technology and Economy Hungary
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Stimulus (physiology) computer.software_genre Representation (mathematics) Set (psychology) business.industry Working memory Focus (linguistics) Artificial intelligence Element (category theory) business Psychology computer Word (computer architecture) Natural language processing Sentence
representation, memory accessibility, working memory, delayed recognition, Psychology, General Psychology, Original Research, BF1-990, linguistic focus, probe recognition
representation, memory accessibility, working memory, delayed recognition, Psychology, General Psychology, Original Research, BF1-990, linguistic focus, probe recognition
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Stimulus (physiology) computer.software_genre Representation (mathematics) Set (psychology) business.industry Working memory Focus (linguistics) Artificial intelligence Element (category theory) business Psychology computer Word (computer architecture) Natural language processing Sentence
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Baddeley, A. D. (1966). The influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on long-term memory for word sequences. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 18, 302-309. doi: 10.1080/14640746608400047
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Birch, S. L., and Garnsey, S. M. (1995). The effect of focus on memory for words in sentences. J. Mem. Lang. 34, 232-267. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1995.1011 [OpenAIRE]
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).1 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).1 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!- Pennsylvania State University United States
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary
- University of Pennsylvania United States
- Pennsylvania State University
- Budapest University of Technology and Economy Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University Hungary
- MTA Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences Hungary
- MTA Research Institute for Linguistics Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hungary
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology Hungary
The present work investigates the memory accessibility of linguistically focused elements and the representation of the alternatives for these elements (i.e., their possible replacements) in Working Memory (WM) and in delayed recognition memory in the case of the Hungarian pre-verbal focus construction (preVf). In two probe recognition experiments we presented preVf and corresponding focusless neutral sentences embedded in five-sentence stories. Stories were followed by the presentation of sentence probes in one of three conditions: (i) the probe was identical to the original sentence in the story, (ii) the focused word (i.e., target) was replaced by a semantically related word and (iii) the target word was replaced by a semantically unrelated but contextually suitable word. In Experiment 1, probes were presented immediately after the stories measuring WM performance, while in Experiment 2, blocks of six stories were presented and sentences were probed with a 2-minute delay measuring delayed recognition memory performance. Results revealed an advantage of the focused element in immediate but not in delayed retrieval. We found no effect of sentence type on the recognition of the two different probe types in WM performance. However, results pertaining to the memory accessibility of focus alternatives in delayed retrieval showed an interference effect resulting in a lower memory performance. We conclude that this effect is indirect evidence for the enhanced activation of focus alternatives. The present work is novel in two respects. First, no study has been conducted on the memory representation of focused elements and their alternatives in the case of the structurally marked Hungarian pre-verbal focus construction. Second, to our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the focus representation accounts for WM and delayed recognition memory using the same stimuli and same measured variables. Since both experiments used exactly the same stimulus set, and they only differed in terms of the timing of recognition probes, the principle of ceteris paribus fully applied with respect to how we addressed our research question regarding the two different memory systems.