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A recent origin of Orf3a from M protein across the coronavirus lineage arising by sharp divergence
Copyright policy )A recent origin of Orf3a from M protein across the coronavirus lineage arising by sharp divergence
The genome of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, encodes a number of accessory genes. The longest accessory gene, Orf3a, plays important roles in the virus lifecycle indicated by experimental findings, known polymorphisms, its evolutionary trajectory and a distinct three-dimensional fold. Here we show that supervised, sensitive database searches with Orf3a detect weak, yet significant and highly specific similarities to the M proteins of coronaviruses. The similarity profiles can be used to derive low-resolution three-dimensional models for M proteins based on Orf3a as a structural template. The models also explain the emergence of Orf3a from M proteins and suggest a recent origin across the coronavirus lineage, enunciated by its restricted phylogenetic distribution. This study provides evidence for the common origin of M and Orf3a families and proposes for the first time a working model for the structure of the universally distributed M proteins in coronaviruses, consistent with the properties of both protein families.
Graphical abstract
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Protein family Lineage (evolution) Biology medicine.disease_cause Genome Virus Divergence medicine Gene Coronavirus Protein superfamily Evolutionary biology Viral evolution
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Biotechnology lcsh:TP248.13-248.65
ACM Computing Classification System: ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
M protein, Biophysics, Biochemistry, Orf3a, Structural Biology, Structure prediction, Coronavirus (CoV), Genetics, SARS-CoV-2, Protein superfamily, Virus evolution, Computer Science Applications, Research Article, Biotechnology
M protein, Biophysics, Biochemistry, Orf3a, Structural Biology, Structure prediction, Coronavirus (CoV), Genetics, SARS-CoV-2, Protein superfamily, Virus evolution, Computer Science Applications, Research Article, Biotechnology
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Protein family Lineage (evolution) Biology medicine.disease_cause Genome Virus Divergence medicine Gene Coronavirus Protein superfamily Evolutionary biology Viral evolution
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Biotechnology lcsh:TP248.13-248.65
ACM Computing Classification System: ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).13 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).13 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
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The genome of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, encodes a number of accessory genes. The longest accessory gene, Orf3a, plays important roles in the virus lifecycle indicated by experimental findings, known polymorphisms, its evolutionary trajectory and a distinct three-dimensional fold. Here we show that supervised, sensitive database searches with Orf3a detect weak, yet significant and highly specific similarities to the M proteins of coronaviruses. The similarity profiles can be used to derive low-resolution three-dimensional models for M proteins based on Orf3a as a structural template. The models also explain the emergence of Orf3a from M proteins and suggest a recent origin across the coronavirus lineage, enunciated by its restricted phylogenetic distribution. This study provides evidence for the common origin of M and Orf3a families and proposes for the first time a working model for the structure of the universally distributed M proteins in coronaviruses, consistent with the properties of both protein families.
Graphical abstract