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Neuropsychiatric Drugs Against COVID-19: What is the Clinical Evidence?
Copyright policy )Neuropsychiatric Drugs Against COVID-19: What is the Clinical Evidence?
AbstractSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, the need for effective treatments for COVID-19 led to the idea of “repurposing” drugs for antiviral treatment. Several antipsychotics and antidepressants have been tested for in vitro activity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Chlorpromazine, other phenothiazine antipsychotics, and the antidepressant fluoxetine were found to be rather potent in these studies. However, whether effective plasma concentrations can be obtained with clinically accepted doses of these drugs is not clear. Data of COVID-19 patients are not yet available but several clinical studies are currently underway.The specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine is a potent Sigma-1 receptor agonist and reduces inflammation in animal models of cytokine-stress. Accordingly, fluvoxamine treatment was superior to placebo in reducing impaired respiratory function and other symptoms of inflammation in COVID-19 patients in a placebo-controlled clinical study and another open clinical trial. The beneficial effects of fluvoxamine on the course of COVID-19 were recently confirmed in a large placebo-controlled double-blind trial with several hundred patients.Inflammation represents a major risk factor for many psychiatric disorders which explains the high susceptibilitiy of COVID-19 patients for psychiatric diseases. Many antidepressants and antipsychotics possess anti-inflammatory properties independent of sigma-1 activity which might be important to reduce psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 patients and to improve respiratory dysfunction and other consequences of inflammation. This might explain the rather unspecific benefit which has been reported for several cohorts of COVID-19 patients treated with different psychotropic drugs.
- University Hospital Würzburg Germany
- European University Viadrina Germany
- University of Southern Denmark Denmark
- University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
Antidepressant drugs, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Anti-inflammatory effects, General Medicine, Anti-viral, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Antipsychotics, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pandemics, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Antidepressant drugs, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Anti-inflammatory effects, General Medicine, Anti-viral, Psychiatry and Mental health, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Antipsychotics, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pandemics, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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[2] Bonnet U, Juckel G, Scherbaum N et al. Are persons treated with antidepressants and/or antipsychotics possibly better Protected against severe COVID 19? Pharmacopsychiatry 2021; 54: 142-143
[3] Müller JK, Müller WE. Psychopharmaka: Therapeutische Perspektiven gegen Covid-19. Psychopharmakotherapie 2021; 28: 102-110
[4] Yousefi H, Mashouri L, Okpechi SC et al. Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review describing drug mechanisms of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183: 114296. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114296 [OpenAIRE]
[5] Weston S, Coleman CM, Haupt R et al. Broad anti-coronavirus activity of food and drug administration-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and SARS-CoV in vivo. J Virol 2020; 94: e01218-e01220. doi:10.1128/JVI.01218-20
[6] Cong Y, Hart BJ, Gross R et al. MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral ecfiacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0194868. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194868
[7] Javelot H, Petrignet J, Addiego F et al. Towards a pharmacochemical hypothesis of the prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 by psychoactive substances. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144: 110025. doi:10.1016/j. mehy.2020.110025
[8] Otręba M, Kośmider L, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Antiviral activity of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine towards RNA-viruses. A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887: 173553. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173553 [OpenAIRE]
[9] Villoutreix BO, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R et al. Chemoinformatic analysis of psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs in the light of experimental anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2021; 14: 71-85
[10] Khosravi M. Candidate Psychotropics against SARS - CoV - 2: A narrative review. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2021. doi:10.1055/a-1551-3756 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34399430
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).7 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).7 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!- University Hospital Würzburg Germany
- European University Viadrina Germany
- University of Southern Denmark Denmark
- University Hospital Frankfurt Germany
AbstractSince the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, the need for effective treatments for COVID-19 led to the idea of “repurposing” drugs for antiviral treatment. Several antipsychotics and antidepressants have been tested for in vitro activity against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Chlorpromazine, other phenothiazine antipsychotics, and the antidepressant fluoxetine were found to be rather potent in these studies. However, whether effective plasma concentrations can be obtained with clinically accepted doses of these drugs is not clear. Data of COVID-19 patients are not yet available but several clinical studies are currently underway.The specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine is a potent Sigma-1 receptor agonist and reduces inflammation in animal models of cytokine-stress. Accordingly, fluvoxamine treatment was superior to placebo in reducing impaired respiratory function and other symptoms of inflammation in COVID-19 patients in a placebo-controlled clinical study and another open clinical trial. The beneficial effects of fluvoxamine on the course of COVID-19 were recently confirmed in a large placebo-controlled double-blind trial with several hundred patients.Inflammation represents a major risk factor for many psychiatric disorders which explains the high susceptibilitiy of COVID-19 patients for psychiatric diseases. Many antidepressants and antipsychotics possess anti-inflammatory properties independent of sigma-1 activity which might be important to reduce psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 patients and to improve respiratory dysfunction and other consequences of inflammation. This might explain the rather unspecific benefit which has been reported for several cohorts of COVID-19 patients treated with different psychotropic drugs.