The purpose of the article is to investigate the armed and ideological struggle of the OUN and UPA against the Soviet administration in the Kamin-Kashyrskyi district in the period from 1944 to 1945. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis and generalization) in combination with the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematics. The work uses source analysis, methods of classification and critique of sources and their identification. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time in historiography the question of generalization and systematization of scientific facts on the confrontation between the OUN and the UPA in the Kamin-Kashyrskyi district is raised. Eyewitness accounts and scientific materials that shed light on the confrontation between the nationalist underground and the local Soviet administration during this period are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Conclusions. Based on the available scientific information, the author concludes that the confrontation between the OUN and the UPA and the Soviet administration in the Kamin-Kashyrskyi district was an important stage in the underground struggle in the future. The confrontation in 1944–1945 had important military results for the nationalist underground. However, during the research the author concluded that the aspect of the ideological struggle of the OUN and UPA against the Soviet administration needs more detailed analysis and research.