The paper considers the issue on ensuring a thermal regime of the magnetron's anode unit by replacing an air-cooling system with the system of liquid cooling. It has been argued that a liquid cooling system is most suitable for magnetrons, for which currently an air-cooling system is implied, although they are not designed for a continuous operation in the structure of industrial microwave installations. Arranging the system of liquid cooling would makes it possible for a magnetron to work over long time without overheating and under favorable conditions, which rule out a possibility to clog the heat exchange surface with particles and dust, as well as the occurrence of overheating of the anode unit's surface. The basic element of the proposed system for liquid cooling is a cooling jacket, which represents an annular channel made from a heat-conducting material. Cooling jacket is mounted directly on the anode unit; in this case, a compression ratio of surfaces and the thickness of an air gap must ensure a minimum total thermal resistance. In order to determine heat transfer coefficients, an empirical dependence was established, which reflects the fact that when cooling the anode units the rational regimes are the viscous and transitional motion modes. The basic thermal characteristics of the cooling process have been defined, which include a coefficient of heat transfer, change in a heat-carrier temperature, the maximally permissible temperature at inlet. Calculations were carried out for two types of heat-carriers: water and a 54 % aqueous solution of ethylene glycol. A circuit for the system of liquid cooling has been proposed, which implies cooling from 1 to 6 magnetrons. Applying a given circuitry and choosing the rational estimated modes make it possible to solve the task on improving production efficiency, as well as reliability of microwave equipment.