
Abstract Hardware architectures equipped with multiple cores, cache memory and branch prediction usually preclude the application of classical methods for determining execution time bounds for real-time tasks. As such bounds are fundamental in the designing of real-time systems, Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) has been employed. A common choice is the derivation of probabilistic Worst-Case Execution Time (pWCET) via the use of Extreme Value Theory (EVT), a branch of statistics used to estimate the probability of rare events that are more extreme than observations. However, pWCET estimations are usually reported in a controlled or simulated environment. In this paper we apply MBPTA in a real multi-core platform, namely Raspberry Pi 3B, taking into consideration possible interference due to operating system and concurrent activities. The results indicate that although EVT is effective, it does not always produce adequate models and coherent pWCET estimations. As MBPTA is primarily called for when classical methods are not applicable, as it is the case for the studied platform, the results reported in this paper highlight risks and vulnerabilities when applying MBPTA-EVT for pWCET inference.
Parallel computing, Artificial intelligence, Probabilistic WCET (pWCET), Static timing analysis, Core (optical fiber), Extremes Value Theory (EVT), [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Multiprocessor Scheduling, Real-time computing, Visual arts, Multicore Architectures, Engineering, Inference, Architecture, Parallel Computing and Performance Optimization, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Mathematics, GPU Computing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Embedded system, Probabilistic logic, Multi-core processor, Performance Optimization, Real-Time Scheduling in Embedded Systems, Extreme value theory, Statistics, Computer science, Measurement-Based Probabilistic Time Analysis (MBPTA), Real Time Systems (RTS), Algorithm, Fault Tolerance in Electronic Systems, Cache, Hardware and Architecture, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Telecommunications, Worst Case Execution Time (WCET), Timing Analysis, FOS: Civil engineering, Art, Mathematics
Parallel computing, Artificial intelligence, Probabilistic WCET (pWCET), Static timing analysis, Core (optical fiber), Extremes Value Theory (EVT), [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Multiprocessor Scheduling, Real-time computing, Visual arts, Multicore Architectures, Engineering, Inference, Architecture, Parallel Computing and Performance Optimization, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Mathematics, GPU Computing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Embedded system, Probabilistic logic, Multi-core processor, Performance Optimization, Real-Time Scheduling in Embedded Systems, Extreme value theory, Statistics, Computer science, Measurement-Based Probabilistic Time Analysis (MBPTA), Real Time Systems (RTS), Algorithm, Fault Tolerance in Electronic Systems, Cache, Hardware and Architecture, Computer Science, Physical Sciences, Telecommunications, Worst Case Execution Time (WCET), Timing Analysis, FOS: Civil engineering, Art, Mathematics
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