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Inferring disease course from differential exon usage in the wide titinopathy spectrum

Authors: Maria Francesca Di Feo; Ali Oghabian; Ella Nippala; Mathias Gautel; Heinz Jungbluth; Francesca Forzano; Edoardo Malfatti; +28 Authors

Inferring disease course from differential exon usage in the wide titinopathy spectrum

Abstract

AbstractObjectiveBiallelic titin truncating variants (TTNtv) have been associated with a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from complex prenatal muscle diseases with dysmorphic features to adult‐onset limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy, with or without cardiac involvement. Given the size and complexity of TTN, reaching an unequivocal molecular diagnosis and precise disease prognosis remains challenging.MethodsIn this case series, 12 unpublished cases and one already published case with biallelic TTNtv were collected from multiple international medical centers between November 2022 and September 2023. TTN mutations were detected through exome or genome sequencing. Information about familial and personal clinical history was collected in a standardized form. RNA‐sequencing and analysis of TTN exon usage were performed on an internal sample cohort including postnatal skeletal muscles, fetal skeletal muscles, postnatal heart muscles, and fetal heart muscles. In addition, publicly available RNA‐sequencing data was retrieved from ENCODE.ResultsWe generated new RNA‐seq data on TTN exons and identified genotype–phenotype correlations with prognostic implications for each titinopathy patient (whether worsening or improving in prenatal and postnatal life) using percentage spliced in (PSI) data for the involved exons. Interestingly, thanks to exon usage, we were also able to rule out a titinopathy diagnosis in one prenatal case.InterpretationThis study demonstrates that exon usage provides valuable insights for a more exhaustive clinical interpretation of TTNtv; additionally, it may serve as a model for implementing personalized medicine in many other genetic diseases, since most genes undergo alternative splicing.

Keywords

Male, Adult, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/genetics, Neurologi, Adolescent, ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades musculoesqueléticas::enfermedades musculares::trastornos musculares atróficos::distrofias musculares::miopatias distales, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 610, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Medical Genetics and Genomics, Neurology and psychiatry, Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/genética, Humans, Connectin, PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Gene Components::Exons, RC346-429, Muscle, Skeletal, Child, FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS::fenómenos genéticos::estructuras genéticas::genoma::componentes genómicos::genes::componentes génicos::exones, 3112, FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS::fenómenos genéticos::variación genética::mutación, Neurosciences, Exons, DISEASES::Musculoskeletal Diseases::Muscular Diseases::Muscular Disorders, Atrophic::Muscular Dystrophies::Distal Myopathies, DISEASES::Musculoskeletal Diseases::Muscular Diseases, Medicinsk genetik och genomik, Anomalies cromosòmiques, Neurology, Bioinformatik och beräkningsbiologi, Músculs - Malalties - Aspectes genètics, PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation, ENFERMEDADES::enfermedades musculoesqueléticas::enfermedades musculares, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Disease Progression, Female, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC321-571, Research Article

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold