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Explorando el agotamiento extremo en médicos residentes de hospitales públicos: identificación y mitigación de factores de riesgo a través de estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces

استكشاف الإرهاق الشديد لدى الأطباء المقيمين في المستشفيات العامة: تحديد عوامل الخطر والتخفيف من حدتها من خلال استراتيجيات التأقلم الفعالة
Authors: Marvin Rodríguez;

Explorando el agotamiento extremo en médicos residentes de hospitales públicos: identificación y mitigación de factores de riesgo a través de estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces

Abstract

El síndrome de agotamiento extremo (SAE) es una preocupación laboral que afecta a médicos, generando repercusiones significativas en la salud mental, calidad de vida, rendimiento laboral y prestación de servicios. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar laevidencia científica publicada sobre el agotamiento extremo, sus factores de riesgo y estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces en médicos residentes de hospitales públicos. Con un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando la metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura, se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de artículos en diversas bases de datos (SCOPUS, Google Académico, Scielo, Dialnet y Redalyc), encontrando 1165 artículos. Después de un proceso de revisión, se seleccionaron 16 artículos que cumplían con criterios específicos de inclusión, como ser investigaciones originales, relacionados con el tema, completos y en idioma español e inglés, con un periodo de tiempo de 2021 a 2023, se descartaron los repetidos, incompletos y restringidos. Los resultados revelan una alta prevalencia y consistencia del SAE en los residentes, afectando a más de la mitad, especialmente a aquellos en años superiores. Se destaca el agotamiento emocional como la sub escala más afectada. Los factores predisponentes incluyen carga laboral y académica elevada, jornadas extenuantes y situaciones de maltrato, abuso y acoso. Se enfatiza la necesidad de implementar medidas a nivel individual, organizacional y político, que podrían ser efectivas para prevenir y manejar el SAE. En conclusión, se atribuye el SAE en médicos residentes a la exposición crónica a factores estresantes, resaltando la importancia de abordar integralmente este problema en hospitales públicos mediante intervenciones efectivas.

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Keywords

especialidades médicas, Social Psychology, Work Stress, Social Sciences, Health Professions, FOS: Humanities, Sickness Presenteeism, FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion, FOS: Psychology, Humanities, Philosophy, Occupational Therapy, agotamiento extremo, Occupational Stress and Mental Health in Healthcare and Education, Health Sciences, General Health Professions, hospital público, Psychology, Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Academic Stress, Work-related Stress and Health Impact, thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MR Medical study and revision guides and reference material, Psychological Impact of Work-related Stress

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green