Agricultural lands, like other categories of land, perform an ecological function as the main object of nature and habitat of man and all living and plant organisms, as well as an economic function as the main object of real estate and the main means of production in agriculture. In order to protect the land, landowners and users are obliged to take measures: to restore the fertility of agricultural land; to protect lands from water and wind erosion, mudslides, flooding, waterlogging, secondary salinization, drying, compaction, chemical pollution, production and consumption wastes and other negative impacts; to protect agricultural lands from overgrowing with trees and shrubs, weeds, preservation of the achieved level of reclamation. Greening of agricultural activity, observance of norms and requirements of land and ecological legislation by subjects of agricultural production are of fundamental importance. The article analyzes the current state of agricultural land use and provides suggestions for improving the efficiency of these lands.