The article outlines the materials of a psycho - pedagogical study of young infants with lesion of the nervous system. The urgency of the problem for the theory and practice of infancy and early childhood is substantiated. On the basis of literary sources, the article characterizes the peculiarities of the development of infants with perinatal lesion of the central nervous system and demonstrates the need to provide early psycho - logopedic assistance to such children.Based on the analysis of theoretical sources and his own research, the author of the article makes conclusions about the importance of psycho - pedagogical observation of infants with perinatal lesion of the central nervous system and the detection of impairments of their main developmental lines: psychophysical (motor functions) and speech (preverbal vocal reactions) development. The article presents concrete data about these developmental lines in the infants under observation with nervous system lesions. According to the analysis of the data, four groups of infants with different levels of motor functions and vocal responses underdevelopment have been identified.The findings of the study show the need for a comprehensive psycho - medico - pedagogical examination of infants with perinatal lesion of the central nervous system during the first months of their life. This diagnostics should be the basis for appropriate early rehabilitative intervention in order to stimulate the development of motor functions and vocal reactions in this category of children and to prevent disorders in their future psychomotor and speech development