According to the author, the geographically adjacent countries of China and Russia have strongly complementary economic structures and have seen rapid development of economic and trade cooperation in recent years, but overall trade between them is relatively low in volume and lacks variety in structure. The Belt and Road initiative has provided new opportunities to deepen Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation. The two countries should take this opportunity to strengthen infrastructure interconnection, improve the existing economic cooperation mechanism and trade structure, and promote the construction of a Sino-Russian free trade area.