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IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: IEEE Copyright
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Optimized Modular Adder Architecture for Cryptographic Applications on FPGAs

Authors: Madani Bachir; Azzaz Mohamed Salah; Sadoudi Said; Kaibou Redouane; Bruno da Silva;

Optimized Modular Adder Architecture for Cryptographic Applications on FPGAs

Abstract

Modular addition is a fundamental operation in public-key cryptographic algorithms operating in finite fields, such as Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), Chebyshev polynomials and Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). The performance of these cryptographic algorithms is limited by the conventional modular adder approach, which incorporates two cascaded adders in series. This approach leads to a doubled critical path delay, ultimately causing a decrease in frequency despite utilizing a high-performance adder.This research presents a high-performance, low-area architecture for a modular adder, employing a novel approach.Specifically designed for various prime fields recommended in public key cryptography, the architecture optimally utilizes the carry chain and exploits the structural advantages of the 7-series FPGA and series beyond. Implementation results demonstrate superior performance, achieving operating frequencies of 290.0 MHz for 192 bits and 205.5 MHz for 1024 bits.Notably, the proposed design performs modular addition in a single clock cycle, resulting in an approximate 57% frequency enhancement compared to the conventional approach. Consequently, this architecture stands as an optimal solution for systems demanding high-speed operations.

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Keywords

Finite field arithmetic, cryptography, Modular adder, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Ripple carry adder

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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