In the early 1920s, the national formations of Soviet Russia underwent a radical transformation of social relations, which acquired a new political meaning in the context of the proclamation of their independence. The national policy of the Bolsheviks provided them with support from na-tional minorities, who, in turn, were given the opportunity to acquire the status of independent subjects – autonomies or republics within the RSFSR. The key importance for the new autono-mous entities, including the Adyghe (Circassian) Autonomous Region, was the involvement of representatives of national minorities in the party structures, who were supposed to act as the main agents of the policy of the RCP (b) in the ethnic environment. But there were not enough trained personnel in Adygea, so the dominant positions in the party apparatus were occupied by newcomers sent by the central office of the RCP(b). They had no real understanding of the moun-tain society, which largely explains the slow party building in the region. The first half of the 1920 s was the initial stage of the formation of the regional party apparatus and the emergence of pri-mary party organizations in the Adyghe villages. During this period, the main directions of inter-nal party work, its organizational design and the social base of the RCP (b) were determined.