Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten Most Spoken Languages
Copyright policy )Visual Gender Biases in Wikipedia: A Systematic Evaluation across the Ten Most Spoken Languages
Wikipedia, a collaborative crowd-sourced platform, is the largest, most visited online encyclopedia. Since it spreads information freely in more than 300 languages, many users, tools, and dashboards rely on its content. Hence, there is a need to maintain its fairness and completeness. However, previous research has indicated the existence of a significant gender gap in Wikipedia biographical articles. We already know that a minimal proportion of those articles portray women and there are gender asymmetries in the textual content of these articles, but little has been reported about the visual aspects (e.g., image volume or image quality) of the gender gap. Here, we analyze all biographies available on Wikipedia across 300 occupations in the ten most widely spoken languages, and undertake quantitative and qualitative analysis of gender differences in the written and visual content. The cross-lingual results indicate that (1) much of the male bias in content arises when editors select which personalities should have a Wikipedia page, (2) the trends in written and visual content are quite dissimilar, (3) men biographies tend to have more images across languages, and (4) female biographies average better visual quality. A more granular analysis is performed on English Wikipedia, distinguishing trends in occupations and qualitatively analyzing science and technology biographies. The overall results shed light on the kinds of visual biases that emerge in the collaborative creation of Wikipedia and yield guidelines for future management of contributions on the platform.
- University of Massachusetts System United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology United States
- King's College London United Kingdom
- King’s College London
- Wikimedia Foundation United States
SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Science, Knowledge, and Technology, Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Critical and Cultural Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Science and Technology Studies, Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Linguistics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, International and Intercultural Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Theory, Knowledge and Science, Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Critical and Cultural Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Anthropology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Library and Information Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|International and Intercultural Communication, Science, Knowledge, and Technology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Race, Gender, and Class, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Linguistics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Communication Technology and New Media, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Library and Information Science, Critical and Cultural Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Communication Technology and New Media, Race, Gender, and Class, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Anthropology, Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Sociology of Culture, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|International and Intercultural Communication, Linguistics, Anthropology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Communication Technology and New Media, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Inequality and Stratification, Library and Information Science
SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Science, Knowledge, and Technology, Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Critical and Cultural Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Science and Technology Studies, Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Linguistics, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, International and Intercultural Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Theory, Knowledge and Science, Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Critical and Cultural Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Anthropology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Library and Information Science, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|International and Intercultural Communication, Science, Knowledge, and Technology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Race, Gender, and Class, Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Linguistics, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Mass Communication, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Communication Technology and New Media, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Other Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Science and Technology Studies, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Library and Information Science, Critical and Cultural Studies, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Communication Technology and New Media, Race, Gender, and Class, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Anthropology, Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Sociology of Culture, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|International and Intercultural Communication, Linguistics, Anthropology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Communication|Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Communication Technology and New Media, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Inequality and Stratification, Library and Information Science
selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources.This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).6 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10% influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Top 10%
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!