The effect of presowing treatment of wheat seeds with nanosecond repetitively pulsed X-ray (RPX-ray) radiation at a dose of 0.07 Gy and pulse repetition frequencies of 13 and 25 Hz on the sowing quality of seeds and the productivity of plants has been studied. After the RPX-ray treatment of seeds at a frequency of 25 Hz, the sizes of germs and their parts and the grain yield increased by 10.5% relative to a control. The experimental results show the promise of further studies on the mechanisms of stimulating action and the expansion of the range of economically valuable test crops in order to identify their species and variety specificity.