Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), a clandestine organisation formed in the late 1950s, dissolved after sixty years of existence. To date, all the statistical studies concerning it have been produced on the basis of a census of its victims. We have built up an original database of its actions from which it is possible to highlight the limits of certain methodological choices and to propose a refined analysis of the group’s strategic options over its entire existence. The present study thus contributes to reconsidering the phases of its military action, i.e. its strategy, as well as the evolution of its targets. Analysis of this evolution makes it possible to clarify ETA’s strategic turning points from a broader perspective than that of the victims alone.