In this article, the author analyzes the current approaches to interpretation of such a modern scientific phenomenon as the sustainable development concept. Actually, the inception of new attitudes to it derives from the fact that there is no generally accepted meaning of the term. The author emphasizes that the concept interpretation depends much on the changing global context, so every scientific approach tackles the tasks of the particular historic period. The paper elaborates and deepens the current research, clarifies the definitions and conceptual framework of sustainable development, determines its topical interpretations that correspond to the global agenda. In conclusion, the article suggests that the triune concept of sustainable development tends to be the most progressive one as it, to a certain extent, systemizes and embraces other approaches. In this regard, the author underlines the necessity of taking action at a global scope in order to achieve implementation of the goals and principles of the sustainable development concept.