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Social and Demographic Development of Tuva (Late 20th – early 21st Centuries)

Authors: Dorzhu, Zoya Iu.;

Social and Demographic Development of Tuva (Late 20th – early 21st Centuries)

Abstract

The present article is based on the comprehensive analysis of census data and published papers comparing historical facts concerning socio-demographic development of one of the youngest regions of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tuva. The research is determined by the need to bring the social policies of modern Russia and its regions to compliance with their growing economic capacities. At the moment, there is a tendency to overcome the severe social consequences of the economic reforms of the 1990-s. The problems associated with the government regulation of social processes, and the reasons why the national characteristics change, concern all aspects of the demographic development of Tuva: fertility, mortality, natural population movement and migration. Such trends in demographical processes as steady high birth rates in Tuva region of the Russian Federation, an alarming increase in the number of children born out of wedlock, disproportionate growth of the number of dependents, high mortality rate, especially in the working-age population, low life expectancy, especially in men, worsening public health and lower quality of life are revealed. Analysis of the measures taken by the authorities to ensure the growth of living standards and quality of life, suggests a delay of some urgent measures of social policy. The practice of social reforms in Russia in the 1990-s was not systematic in many ways; the reforms were crude and lacked the forecast of long-term social development. The change of the social climate and making a positive impact on all the aspects of public life, including demographic situation, are only possible with the implementation of fundamental changes in the economic and social spheres, along with the elimination of the negative effect

В данной статье на основе всестороннего анализа данных переписи и опубликованных работ, сравнивающих исторические факты, исследованы особенности социально-демографического развития одного из самых молодых регионов Российской Федерации – Республики Тыва. Это определяется необходимостью приведения социальной политики современной России и ее регионов в соответствие с возросшими экономическими возможностями. На данный момент существует тенденция преодоления серьезных социальных последствий экономических реформ 1990-х годов. Были выявлены проблемы, связанные с государственным регулированием социальных процессов и причины изменения национальных особенностей для охвата всех аспектов демографического развития Тывы: рождаемости, смертности, естественного движения населения и миграции. Показаны такие тенденции демографических процессов, как сохранение высокого уровня рождаемости в республике Тыва Российской Федерации, тревожный рост числа детей, рожденных вне брака, непропорциональное увеличение количества иждивенцев в регионе, высокая смертность (особенно в трудоспособном возрасте), низкая продолжительность жизни (особенно у мужчин), ухудшение здоровья и низкое качество жизни. Анализ мер, принятых властями для обеспечения роста уровня и качества жизни граждан, предполагает задержку ряда необходимых мер социальной политики. Практика социальных реформ в России в 1990 году носит во многом несистематический характер; ей не хватает деликатности и прогнозирования динамики общественного развития в долгосрочной перспективе. Только реализация фундаментальных изменений в экономической и социальной сферах, а также ликвидация негативных последствий изменят социальный климат и окажут положительное влияние на все аспекты общественной жизни, в том числе на демографическую ситуацию

Keywords

demography, Россия, Республика Тыва, the Republic of Tuva, реформа, миграция и качество жизни, natural movement of the population, migration, social policy, рождаемость, регион, естественное движение населения, reform, fertility, the Russian Federation, region, демография, смертность, mortality, социальная политика, Constitution, quality of life, Конституция

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
gold