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Моделирование процесса пылеобразования при проведении работ по ликвидации накопленного экологического ущерба

Modeling of Dust Formation During Elimination of Accumulated Environmental Damage

Моделирование процесса пылеобразования при проведении работ по ликвидации накопленного экологического ущерба

Abstract

Исследована способность к пылеобразованию различных материалов в условиях, имитирующих проведение работ на объектах накопленного экологического ущерба, в частности, утилизации зданий и сооружений, в которых осуществлялась производственная деятельность, а также реабилитации прилегающих территорий. В связи с тем, что пыль реабилитируемых техногенных объектов может содержать остаточные количества стойких загрязнителей, она представляет реальную опасность для человека, так как даже при их содержании на уровне ПДК могут проявляться так называемые эффекты сверхмалых доз. Изучено распределение образующейся пыли по дисперсности, в том числе с учетом частиц размером менее 5 мкм, которые наиболее активно улавливаются человеком при дыхании и способны проникать в альвеолы легких. Установлено, что для большинства исследованных строительных материалов и видов грунта доля образования пыли с фракцией частиц размером менее 5 мкм достаточно высока, по способности к образованию этой фракции пыли строительные материалы располагаются по возрастанию в следующем ряду: влажный песок, сухой песок, суглинок, сухой кирпич, бетон, асфальт. The ability of dust formation by a variety of materials has been investigated in conditions simulating operational procedures at the objects of accumulated environmental damage, in particular, during disposal of buildings and installations used previously for manufacturing activities as well as in the process of rehabilitation of the surrounding areas. Taking into consideration the fact that the dust formed at the rehabilitated industrial facilities may contain residual amounts of persistent pollutants, this dust can pose a real threat for human health given the fact that even at such pollutants presence at MPC level they can exhibit a so-called ‘ultra-low dose’ effect. We have studied the distribution of generated dust as a function of degree of dispersion, including the particle size smaller than 5 microns which are the most actively caught by human lungs when breathing and which are able to penetrate into the air vesicles. The most kinds of the examined construction materials and types of soil are found to have a high enough level of dust fraction with the particle size smaller than 5 microns. The materials can be placed in the following order basing on their ability to form this fraction of dust (in ascending order): wet sand, dry sand, clay, dry brick, concrete, asphalt.

Keywords

источники пылеобразования, пылеподавление, накопленный экологический ущерб, экологическая реабилитация

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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