The article examines various aspects pertaining to the evolution of Soviet historiography in relation to the political and ideological changes within the Kabardian and Balkar societies during the 1920s-1930s. This particular period holds significant importance in the modern history of Kabardino-Balkaria, as it was during this time that the Kabardians and Balkars were compelled to adapt to a drastically transformed socio-cultural and political-ideological landscape, with lasting effects on their ethnocultural identity. The foremost alterations entailed the establishment of national autonomy, the formation and extensive integration of indigenous personnel into the public administration system, and a radical shift in the fundamental principles of national culture. It is crucial to grasp the perception and atti-tudes of these peoples towards such transformations. The relevance of investigating historiographical issues lies in the ability not only to identify key conceptual approaches surrounding the study of political and ideological changes in Kabardino-Balkaria during the given period, but also to comprehend the primary trends within research practic-es.