publication . Article . 2011

Why does rem sleep occur? A wake-up hypothesis.

W.R. Klemm;
Open Access English
  • Published: 01 Sep 2011 Journal: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (issn: 1662-5137, Copyright policy)
  • Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Abstract
Brain activity differs in the various sleep stages and in conscious wakefulness. Awakening from sleep requires restoration of the complex nerve impulse patterns in neuronal network assemblies necessary to re-create and sustain conscious wakefulness. Herein I propose that the brain uses rapid eye movement (REM) to help wake itself up after it has had a sufficient amount of sleep. Evidence suggesting this hypothesis includes the facts that, (1) when first going to sleep, the brain plunges into Stage N3 (formerly called Stage IV), a deep abyss of sleep, and, as the night progresses, the sleep is punctuated by episodes of REM that become longer and more frequent tow...
Read more
doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00073 , 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00073/full
pmc: PMC3166790
View all 4 identifiers
Subjects
Medical Subject Headings: psychological phenomena and processes
free text keywords: Arousal, Consciousness, Sleep, dreaming, rem, ascending reticular activating system, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neuroscience, stage IV sleep, stage N3 sleep, Hypothesis and Theory, Non-rapid eye movement sleep, Sleep Stages, Oneirology, Neuroscience of sleep, Psychology, Activation-synthesis hypothesis, K-complex, Sleep inertia, Slow-wave sleep
Related Organizations
Download fromView all 4 versions
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Article . 2011
Provider: DOAJ-Articles
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Article . 2011
Provider: Frontiers
Europe PubMed Central
Article . 2011
Provider: PubMed Central
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Article
Provider: UnpayWall
View more
101 references, page 1 of 7

Alvarez-Maubecin V. (2000). Functional coupling between neurons and glia. J. Neurosci.20, 4091–4098 10818144 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed]

Aston-Jones G.Bloom R. E. (1981). Activity of the norepinephrine-containing locus ceruleus neurons in behaving rats anticipate fluctuations in the sleep-waking cycle. J. Neurosci. 1, 876–886 7346592 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed]

Barres G. A.Chun L. L. Y.Corey D. P. (1990). Ion channels in vertebrate glia. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 441–474 10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.002301 2158266 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Braun A. R.Balkin T. J.Wesenten N. J.Carson R. E.Varga M.Baldwin P.Selbie S.Belenky G.Herscovitch P. (1997). Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. Brain 120, 1173–1197 10.1093/brain/120.5.761 9236630 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Bremer F.Terzuolo C. (1953). Interaction de l'écorce cérébrale et de la formation réticularée du tronc cerebral dans le mechanism de l'éveil et du maintien de l'activité vigile. J. Physiol. Pathol. Gén. 45, 56–57

Brice D. D.Hetherington R. R.Utting J. E. (1970). A simple study of awareness and dreaming during anesthesia. Br. J. Anaesth. 42, 535–542 10.1093/bja/42.6.535 5423844 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Buzsáki G. (2006). Rhythms of the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 188

Campbell S. S.Tobler I. (1984). Animal sleep, a review of sleep duration across phylogeny. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 8, 269–300 10.1016/0149-7634(84)90054-X 6504414 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Cantero J. L.Atienza M.Madsen J. R.Stickgold R. (2004). Gamma EEG dynamics in neocortex and hippocampus during human wakefulness and sleep. Neuroimage 22, 1271–1280 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.014 15219599 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Cantero J. L.Atienza M.Salas R. M.Dominguez-Marin E. (2002). Effects of prolonged waking-auditory stimulation on electroencephalogram synchronization and cortical coherence during subsequent slow-wave sleep. J. Neurosci. 22, 4702–4708 12040077 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed]

Cantero J. L.Atienza M.Stickgold R.Kahana M. J.Madsen J. R.Kocsis B. (2003). Sleep-dependent theta oscillation in the human hippocampus and neocortex. J. Neurosci. 23, 10897–10903 14645485 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed]

Cirelli C.Tononi G. (2008). “Is sleep essential?” (essay). PLoS Biol 6, e216 [Public Library of Science].10.1371/journal.pbio.0060216 18752355 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed] [DOI]

Coble P. A.Kupfer D. J.Shaw D. H. (1981). Distribution of REM latency in depression. Biol. Psychiatry 16, 453–466 7272375 [PubMed]

Cohen R. M.Pickar D.Garnett D.Lipper S.Gillin J. C.Murphy D. L. (1982). REM sleep suppression induced by selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 78, 137–140 10.1007/BF00432251 6817370 [PubMed] [DOI]

Contreras D.Steriade M. (1995). Cellular basis of EEG slow rhythms, a study of dynamic corticothalamic relationships. J. Neurosci. 15, 604–622 7823167 [OpenAIRE] [PubMed]

101 references, page 1 of 7
Powered by OpenAIRE Research Graph
Any information missing or wrong?Report an Issue