In this study, the effect of using waste saline water on water quality, metabolic and production parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated and compared to that of using Caspian Seawater in laboratory conditions. Shrimp with an average weight of 1.38± 0.09 g and 7.12± 0.30 cm were reared in eighteen 50-L plastic tanks (6 treatments, each with 3 replicates) for 30 days. The experimental treatments included two water environments (Wastewater: W and Seawater: S) and three culture densities (L, M, and H, representing15, 30, and 45 shrimp in each tank, respectively). Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly with an increase in density, but there were no significant differences between the several groups (water and density) in terms of growth parameters (the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate). The water ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations significantly increased with an increase in stocking density. Glucose, protein, and hemocyanin activities increased significantly in WH and WM compared to other treatments. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were significantly higher in SH compared to other treatments. Generally, these results suggest that the culture of L. vannamei in waste saline water with suitable density (30 shrimp/ 50 L) is possible in laboratory conditions.