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Осуждение алчности как «бесовского наущения» в иллюстрациях синодиков раннего Нового времени

Authors: Sukina, L.;

Осуждение алчности как «бесовского наущения» в иллюстрациях синодиков раннего Нового времени

Abstract

This article examines visual methods of condemning avarice, which makes a person who wants a luxurious life for themselves and their family easy prey to the devil. The study refers to a series of illustrations for the parable About the Spendthrift, which was part of the literary prefaces to the Russian Synodics of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries whose task was to morally instruct the reader. While there is a noticeable increase in Russian and international researchers’ interest in the Old Russian Synodics, the issue considered in the article has not been addressed in scholarly publications yet. This article aims to reconstruct the miniaturists’ approach to illustrating a short text with a demonological plot, whose content should be interpreted and supplemented by a parallel visual story. The object of the study – book miniatures – predetermines interdisciplinary research and the use of philological and art criticism hermeneutical methods. The research refers to illustrations for the parable About the Spendthrift from the Synodics of the Trinity and St Daniel Monastery from 1672 and Solba St Nicholas Pustyn of the eighteenth century. They are vivid examples of two versions of the iconography of the illustrative series: one that gravitates towards the Russian mediaeval manuscript tradition and one that reproduces the figurative structure and style of the engravings of the Synodic by Leonty Bunin, respectively. The results of the study are based on a comparison of the key episodes of the literary plot of the parable and the visual narrative of the same events. The author concludes that in the miniatures, the desire to “teach through pictures” is traced, and the expressiveness of methods of the homily is not inferior to the book text but surpasses it. Both versions of the iconography of the miniature series tell the same instructive story about sin and punishment. It differs from many other illuminated parables of Synodics as in it, an important infernal person is present, which introduces an unusual nuance into the narrative.

Исследуются визуальные приемы осуждения алчности, сделавшей человека, желающего для себя и собственной семьи роскошной жизни, легкой добычей дьявола. Исследование выполнено на материале цикла иллюстраций к притче «О роскошнике», входившей в состав литературных предисловий к русским синодикам XVII–XVIII вв., задачей которых было нравственное наставление читателя. При заметном росте интереса отечественных и зарубежных исследователей к древнерусскому синодику поднятая в статье проблема пока еще не затрагивалась в научных публикациях. Цель работы – реконструкция подхода художников-миниатюристов к иллюстрированию краткого текста с демонологическим сюжетом, содержание которого должно быть истолковано и дополнено параллельным визуальным рассказом. Объект изучения – книжные миниатюры – предопределил междисциплинарность исследования и применение филологических и искусствоведческих герменевтических методов. Основными источниками исследования являются иллюстрации к притче «О роскошнике» из синодиков Троицкого Данилова монастыря 1672 г. и Сольбинской Николаевской пустыни XVIII в. Они представляют собой яркие образцы двух вариантов иконографии иллюстративного цикла, тяготеющего к русской средневековой рукописной традиции и воспроизводящего образный строй и стилистику гравюр синодика Леонтия Бунина. Основные результаты исследования основываются на сопоставлении ключевых эпизодов литературного сюжета притчи и визуального повествования о тех же событиях. Делается вывод, что в миниатюрах ярко прослеживается стремление «учить картинами», а выразительность приемов поучения не уступает книжному тексту, а превосходит его. Оба различающихся варианта иконографии цикла миниатюр рассказывают одну и ту же поучительную историю о грехе и наказании. Она отличается от многих других иллюминированных синодичных притч присутствием важного инфернального персонажа, вносящего в повествование необычный нюанс.

The article was submitted on 01.06.2022.

Keywords

History of Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics, DK1-4735, OLD RUSSIAN MANUSCRIPT, ДРЕВНЕРУССКАЯ РУКОПИСНАЯ КНИГА, древнерусская рукописная книга, книжная миниатюра, демонологический сюжет, поучение, HOMILY, КНИЖНАЯ МИНИАТЮРА, ПОУЧЕНИЕ, ДЕМОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СЮЖЕТ, BOOK MINIATURE, DEMONOLOGICAL PLOT

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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