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Bachelor thesis . 2024
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Llum amb ombra: estudi de proteccions solars en carrers de climes àrids

Authors: Torra Bacardit, Arnau;

Llum amb ombra: estudi de proteccions solars en carrers de climes àrids

Abstract

Durante los últimos años, las temperaturas en todo el mundo han estado aumentando, creando una variación climática que descoloca las zonas tal como se conocen actualmente. Esta investigación se centra en las zonas más cálidas de la Tierra, alrededor del desierto del Sahara y el Oriente Próximo, donde las civilizaciones han tenido milenios de ventaja viviendo en condiciones extremas. Las civilizaciones antiguas se establecieron en puntos estratégicos por razones comerciales o para iniciar la urbanización. Estas áreas se encontraban amenazadas por la fuerte radiación solar y la poca lluvia, creando un hábitat difícilmente confortable. Por lo tanto, es en esta región donde se encuentran diversas localidades vernáculas que han tenido que desarrollar estrategias para defenderse del clima cálido extremo. Este trabajo examina una serie de núcleos urbanos donde la sociedad ha ingeniado diferentes estrategias para protegerse de los rayos de sol abrasivos a lo largo de la historia. El análisis incluye una catalogación de todos los casos, facilitando una comparación para encontrar las diferencias y similitudes entre ellos. Las conclusiones extraídas determinan que hay cinco tipologías principales a la hora de proteger una calle del sol: estrechamiento, voladizo, filtro, cubierta y soterramiento. Estas tipologías reflejan las diversas maneras en que las civilizaciones han adaptado sus entornos urbanos para hacer frente a las condiciones climáticas extremas. A partir del estudio de las temperaturas máximas, la orientación solar y las técnicas de construcción utilizadas, se puede entender mejor las necesidades locales y las soluciones adoptadas.

Durant els últims anys, les temperatures de tot el món han estat augmentant, creant una variació climàtica que descol·loca les zones tal com es coneixen actualment. Aquesta recerca es centra en les zones més càlides de la Terra, al voltant del desert del Sàhara i l’Orient Pròxim, on les civilitzacions han tingut mil·lennis d’avantatge vivint en condicions extremes. Les civilitzacions antigues es van establir en punts estratègics per raons comercials o per iniciar la urbanització. Aquestes àrees es trobaven amenaçades per la forta radiació solar i la poca pluja, creant un habitat difícilment confortable. Per tant, és en aquesta regió on es troben diverses localitats vernaculars que han hagut de desenvolupar estratègies per defensar-se del clima càlid extrem. Aquest treball examina una sèrie de nuclis urbans on la societat ha enginyat diferents estratègies per tal de protegir-se dels rajos de sol abrasius al llarg de la història. L’anàlisi inclou una catalogació de tots els casos, facilitant una comparació per trobar les diferencies i similituds entre ells. Les conclusions extretes determinen que hi ha cinc tipologies principals a l’hora de protegir un carrer del sol: estretament, voladís, filtre, coberta, i soterrament. Aquestes tipologies reflecteixen les diverses maneres en què les civilitzacions han adaptat els seus entorns urbans per fer front a les condicions climàtiques extremes. A partir de l’estudi de les temperatures màximes, l’orientació solar i les tècniques de construcció utilitzades, es pot entendre millor les necessitats locals i les solucions adoptades.

Over the past few years, global temperatures have been rising, creating a climatic variation that displaces zones as they are currently known. This research focuses on the hottest areas of the Earth, around the Sahara Desert and the Near East, where civilizations have had millennia of experience living in extreme conditions. Ancient civilizations established themselves in strategic points for commercial reasons or to initiate urbanization. These areas were threatened by intense solar radiation and scarce rainfall, creating a challenging habitat. Therefore, it is in this region where various vernacular localities have had to develop strategies to defend against the extreme hot climate. This work examines a series of urban centers where society has engineered different strategies to protect against the abrasive sun rays throughout history. The analysis includes a cataloging of all cases, facilitating a comparison to find differences and similarities among them. The conclusions drawn determine that there are five main typologies for protecting a street from the sun: narrowing, overhang, filter, cover, and subterranean. These typologies reflect the diverse ways in which civilizations have adapted their urban environments to cope with extreme climatic conditions. By studying maximum temperatures, solar orientation, and the construction techniques used, a better understanding of local needs and the solutions adopted can be achieved.

Award-winning

Keywords

Urban center, adaptació climàtica, Llum en l'arquitectura, 550, Arquitectura i clima -- Regions àrides, Clima àrid, Radiació solar -- Regions àrides, Vernacular architecture, Solar radiation -- Arid regions, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura::Arquitectura sostenible, Arquitectura vernacular, Arid climate, Arquitectura vernacular -- Regions àrides, Protecció solar, Nucli urbà, Climate adaptation, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura::Impacte ambiental, Light in architecture, Architecture and climate -- Arid regions, Solar protection, Vernacular architecture -- Arid regions

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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